Essay on America Should Not Use Military Force in Iraq

Dear Americans: After the successful anti-terrorism war in Afghanistan, are we going to fight another war on Iraq? In almost every statement on foreign policy, Bush states his belief on his war against Iraq and depicts Saddam Hussein as â€Å"an evil.† A recent poll showed that â€Å"nearly seven in 10 supported military action to force Saddam Hussein from power (Public Agenda). Before you make your decision, do you think a war after Iraq is justified by International law and US law? Do you know the current situation and the background of Iraq and the Middle East world? Do you think getting rid of Hussein can stop terrorists’ attack on America? Have you thought about the huge capital cost of the war, the casualties of US soldiers†¦show more content†¦Now President Bush â€Å"has declared his intention to wage a preemptive war against Iraq† (Messineo and Hilliard). â€Å"Preemptive war† means we can attack Iraq in the first place just because â€Å"we believeâ⠂¬  Iraq is supporting terrorists and â€Å"we believe† Iraq will attack us in the future. Then who can justify whether what â€Å"we believe† is right or wrong? What if some terrorists attack us first just because they â€Å"believe† that US will attack them in the future? We can clearly see the injustice of the war by other countries’ responses. Fighting the al-Qaeda terrorists in Afghanistan was a right action against terrorists. Most countries around the world supported us. But on the issue of war on Iraq, even though Bush tries his best to persuade other countries’ leaders, most key countries are still against it (BBC news). For example, Germany argues that â€Å"international efforts to fight terrorism, rebuild Afghanistan and calm the conflict in the Middle East could be destabilized by a strike against Iraq†; France â€Å"has serious reservations about an attack on Iraq†; Russia indicates that it might agree to attack Iraq only â€Å"under UN authority if Baghdad blocks the work of weapons inspectors† (BBC news). Most Middle East Arabian countries are strongly against military action on Iraq before every possible effort on peace talk has made and before the United Nation hasShow MoreRelatedThe Realist and Liber alist Perspectives on International Relations and US Policy Stance Toward Iraq1186 Words   |  5 PagesThe Realist and Liberalist Perspectives on International Relations and US Policy Stance Toward Iraq There are two prominent stances in International Relations. The schools of thought are commonly referred to as realist and liberalist. There are various names that they are called, and they can also be split further into subdivisions. However, for the purposes of this question I will just refer to the main schools of thought, and the main aims of both the paradigms. At aRead MoreThe Effects Of No Fly Zones On The Iraqi Military And Economy1554 Words   |  7 Pages2,752 people were killed at the World Trade Center resulting in the largest loss of life on American soil by a foreign nation. The culprit of the most devastating loss in America was the radical terrorist group Al Qaeda led by Osama Bin Laden, putting George W. Bush at the forefront of the Middle East Crisis. His actions should result in the continuation of the containment policy. This policy has been in place for years, and it allows the U.S. to get involved in other countries without the expenseRead MoreThe Containment Policy Established By George W. Bush After The Gulf War1604 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Gulf, while preventing Iraq from threatening its neighbors. For this reason, a political strategy of containment is comparatively advantageous to the alternative. This essay will begin by examining the effect of no-fly zones on the Iraqi discussing the strategic viability of sanctions and their effect on the Iraqi economy, finally explaining the importance of oil in Iraq s economy. By continuing the establishment of no-fly zones in both North and South Iraq, the United States wouldRead MoreThe War Of The Gulf War1260 Words   |  6 Pagesauthorized coalition force from 34 nations.USA led the coalition against Iraq for continuation of the state of Kuwait.It is called the mother of all battles by Saddam Hussein.Its military name is Operation Desert Storm.It is also known as the 1st Gulf War,Gulf War1 or the Iraq War before the term became identified with the 2003 Iraq War. Origins Throughout the cold war Iraq had been ally under Soviet Union.The main concentration of USA was against this position of Soviet-Iraq relationship.Even theRead MoreEssay On The Us Go To War1746 Words   |  7 Pagesstated , â€Å"we must not only be able to defend the interest of Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and ourselves an Iraqi invasion or show of force, we should also make manifest our capabilities and commitment to balance Iraq’s power-and this may require an increased visibility for US power†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and the former president Bush also said, â€Å"my Administration continues to desire better relations with Iraq. We will also continue to support our other friends in the region with whom we have had long-standing ties. We see no necessaryRead MoreA Report On Isis And The Effect On The Middle East1335 Words   |  6 PagesGood Morning Sir or Ma’am, Today I have prepared for a report on ISIS and the effect they have on the Middle East. As you have known for the past y ear this organization has been a huge problem not only for the America but the world. The world did leave this organization unchecked, but more and more countries are starting to respond because of the overall effect it is having on global stabilization. Through my research, I will give you an overall brief on the organization as a whole and then presentRead MoreIraq Essay730 Words   |  3 PagesTo be successful in Iraq, and in any war for that matter, our use of force must be tied to a political objective more complete than the ouster of a regime. To date, that has not happened in Iraq. It is time it did. In the past week the situation in Iraq has taken a dramatic turn for the worse. While we may have differed on how we went to war, Americans of all political persuasions are united in our determination to succeed. The extremists attacking our forces should know they will not succeedRead MoreThe Future Effect Of The Election Of Prime Minister Justin Trudeau1131 Words   |  5 Pageselection of Prime Minister Justin Trudeau in terms of the Canadian foreign policy in the restructuring of military intervention in foreign affairs and the pro-trade globalization mandates of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP). Trudeau’s election defines the overriding political agenda of the Liberal Party of Canada to stop ineffective bombing missions in Syria and Iraq, yet to maintain special forces troops to better manage the war against ISIS. More so, Trudeau supports the globalization of CanadianRead MoreWar Againsts Iraq: The Media, Its Portrayal of the War and the Effect of Its Perspective13 74 Words   |  6 PagesWar against Iraq By Olivier Gaudreau When the US initiated the 2003 invasion of Iraq, it gave the justification that the Iraqi dictator, Saddam aided the perpetrators of the September 11 attack on United States soil. The Bush administration also accused Saddam of engineering a nuclear program and amassing destructive weapons. All the US justification and the entire war have been highly criticized on many fronts. The media has taken the lead on shaping public opinion on both sides of the war, thatRead MoreThe President Of The United States At West Point On Troop Increase1550 Words   |  7 PagesBarrack Obama, the president of the United States at West Point on Troop increase in Afghanistan. The speech was delivered on first December 2008 in Eisenhower Hall in West Point Military Academy in New York. The speech was delivered to the corps of the United States, to the Americans and to the women and men of American armed forces. The speech by Barrack Obama was about Americans’ effort in Afghanistan that is the natur e of Americans’ commitment in Afghanistan, the scope of the interests of the Americans

Gun Control And The United States - 1804 Words

Gun control has been an extremely controversial issue in the United States, and even the world for decades. The issue resurfaces every time there is a mass shooting or some other form of violence that involves guns. Texas recently passed a new law that allows open carry in, creating even more controversy than before. Additionally, the nation remains split on the issue of guns and if there should be stricter or more lenient gun laws to lessen the rate of gun crimes. Gun control supporters believe that the number of guns available to the American public is much greater than it should be. There is estimated to be over two hundred million guns among the three hundred million citizens in our nation. The advocated of gun control believe that more guns lead to more crime. The number of gun related deaths in the United States is about thirty times that in the United Kingdom. This means that per every 100,000 deaths 2.9 are gun related in the United States, where as it is 0.1 in the United Kingdom. Additionally, half of the deadliest shootings in the world have occurred in the United States. Gun related crimes in the United States did decline in the 90’s but since 2005 they have been on the rise again with about 30,000 people a year dying as a result of a firearm. In 2015 there were 5 mass shootings in the United States, killing 40 people and injuring 42. This number is up from 2014, with two mass shootings. The guns involved in these mass shootings were powerful,Show MoreRelatedGun Control Of The United States1698 Words   |  7 Pagesshootings that has happened throughout the Unites States has created a great divide among Americans on what should our nation do to prevent further shootings from happening. Many people believe that forcing new laws on how people purchase weapons should require background checks. Gun Control in the United States of America is a topic that has had lots of criticism and support by many citizens. The critical people of this topic believe that the guns do not kill people, it is the people that kill peopleRead MoreGun Control And The United States1569 Words   |  7 PagesIn the United States gun control is a big controversy that has been blown out of proportion the last few years. Anything that has to do with guns in the news, reporters say it is the guns fault. Gun control laws are being changed and morphed for the new society that we live in today. What g un control really means is a group of laws to control the selling and use of guns.(1). Statistics have proven that most people want more control on guns. Many surveys have shown that the benefits of gun controlRead MoreGun Control Of The United States Essay1412 Words   |  6 PagesGun Control Proposal Gun control is a highly controversial topic in the United States. There are many people who are for gun control - people who want to have stricter laws to make it so criminals and other dangerous people can’t obtain a firearm. But, there are also the people who disagree with gun control laws and believe there should be a more lenient gun control to help people defend themselves during risky situations. Many gun control laws have been passed for many years. While many have beenRead MoreGun Control And The United States929 Words   |  4 PagesGun control has been a debated, revisited and revised issue for more than a century in the United States. Recently, after several mass shootings in the United States, gun violence issues are; yet again, renewed and in the forefront for the United States. This paper will consist of insight on gun violence in the United States and the newly imposed gun control policies by President Obama; along with, the arguments for and against the new policies and what roles both the formal and informal actorsRead MoreGun Control Of The United States1166 Words   |  5 PagesSince America’s birth, guns have played a large part in it’s society. Citizens of the United States have used firearms to protect the land they love, and their families. They even use them for engaging activities such as hunting and sport. Though firearms may seem to have a commonplace in society, weighing the rights and liberties of citizens against the safety and welfare of the public has always been a delicate process. In the United States, gun control is a of heated issue that has two sides.Read MoreGun Control And The United States988 Words   |  4 PagesGun Control Reassessment in the United States Imagine this: you are in World History class at your high school almost falling asleep learning about Ancient China. It is a normal day for you and your classmates, until you hear an announcement from the principal. You expect the typical lockdown drill, but this situation is far from typical. A man with a gun breaks into your school. BANG! Several of your classmates are killed before this man can be controlled. You survive, but live the rest of yourRead MoreGun Control And The United States1435 Words   |  6 PagesGun Control For gun control, there should be some requirements for the people to take in order to own a gun for themselves. Throughout the United States, gun control should allow people to still have guns; however, the citizens should go through some changes to ensure safety throughout the nation. Gun control has given some helpful ideals before that would help the people understand the responsibilities of their guns. They want to make sure that these laws maintain to progress as a better solutionRead MoreGun Control Of The United States1704 Words   |  7 Pagesshootings that has happened all through the Unites States has made an great divide among Americans on what ought our country do to keep further shootings from happening. Numerous individuals trust that forcing new laws on how people buy weapons should require background verifications. Gun Control in the United States of America is a topic that has had lots of criticism and support by numerous citizens. The critical people of this topic trust that the guns don t murder people, is that people kill peopleRead MoreGun Control in the United States1306 Words   |  6 Pages Gun Control in the United States has gone out of control. The United States should enforce laws to not allow any guns in a house hold in order to reduce violence and crime in the country. Reducing the rate of crime in the United States, controlling big weapons, taxing ammunition, and gun collection can help make this happen. Gun Control can make this country a safer environment to live in. Gun Control has obviously gone out of control in the recent years. Look around, they are everywhere. ReducingRead MoreGun Control And The United States886 Words   |  4 PagesGun Control in the United States On December 14, 2012, a gunman walked into Sandy Hook Elementary in Newtown, Connecticut, and killed 20 children and six adults. This tragedy shook the nation and made Americans wonder, how could this have been prevented? Recently published research suggests mass shootings are becoming more common in the United States. Harvard University researchers said in October 2014 that a mass shooting has occurred every 64 days, on average, since 2011, compared with every

Homeostasis Feedback and Body Essay Example For Students

Homeostasis: Feedback and Body Essay Homeostasis is a simple term which holds a large significance in the functionality of the human body. This essay will discuss and define this term. Explanation as to why homeostasis is important to be maintained and two examples of homeostasis relevant to its control mechanism will be stated in this essay as well. The word homeostasis was first introduced by Walter B. Cannon, an American physiologist, to describe the body’s ability to maintain relative stability of its internal conditions even though there were constant changes in the surroundings outside. (Marieb Hoehn, 2007). Thus, homeostasis is utterly defined as â€Å"the condition of equilibrium in the body’s internal environment due to the constant interaction of the body’s many regulatory processes†. (Tortora Derrickson, 2009, p. 8). Homeostasis has a dynamic state of balance, in which the body’s internal condition may vary, but only within a narrow range that is compatible with maintaining life. (Marieb Hoehn, 2007). The important concept here is that the body is continuously monitoring its internal state and takes action to rectify disruptions that threaten its normal functions. (Silverthorn, 2001) Humans are multicellular organism, which sits right at the top of the hierarchy of structural organization. The cell is the basic living unit of the body and each organ is a collective of many different cells held together by intercellular supporting structures. (Guyton Hall, 2006). Each type of cells usually differs from one another in order to adapt and serve their functionality; but ironically all cells are comparatively similar in a particular way as they share certain basic characteristics. These similarities of theirs are fundamentally the reason why it is important to maintain homeostasis. An adult human body is 60% fluid. Although most of this fluid, called the intracellular fluid, is inside the cells, one third of it fills the narrow spaces outside the cells. That fluid is identified as the extracellular fluid. (Guyton Hall, 2006). Extracellular fluid is always in constant motion, travelling throughout the body in the circulating blood. Ions and nutrients that make up the extracellular fluid are needed by cells to sustain cell life. Hence, all cells in essence live in the same environment – the extracellular fluid. In ddition, the proper functionality of body cells is also highly dependent on an accurate control of the composition of the extracellular fluid which surrounds them. (Guyton Hall, 2006; Tortora Dirrickson, 2009). For these reasons, the extracellular fluid is also known as the body’s internal environment. Extracellular fluid acts as a transition between the intracellular fluid inside cells and the organism’s exterior environment. As tolerances for much change is exceedingly low for cells of multicellular organisms, it therefore depends on the consistency of the extracellular fluid to maintain normal function. Because of extracellular fluid’s significant role, sophisticated physiological processes have been developed to keep its composition relatively stable. (Tortora Dirrickson, 2009; Silverthorn, 2001). When the extracellular fluid composition has an abnormal range, compensatory mechanisms activate in order to return the fluid to normal state. Homeostasis is of such importance because it is the body’s platform of balance to maintain health and preserve life. An important aspect of homeostasis is communication within the body. Organ systems do not work solely by themselves; cooperation between them is essential to promote the well being of the body. (Marieb Hoehn, 2007). The body’s regulating systems that can usually bring the internal environment back into balance is mainly done by the communication between the nervous and the endocrine system. These two regulating systems work either independently or together, using neural electrical impulses or blood- borne hormones respectively, as information carriers, to provide the needed corrective measures. (Tortora Dirrickson, 2009; Marieb Hoehn, 2007). Deming EssayAn example of positive feedback as a homeostatic mechanism is blood clotting. When a blood vessel is damaged, a whole series of reaction is set in motion to achieve hemostasis, meaning the stopping of bleeding. Three steps occur in rapid sequence during hemostasis: (1) Vascular spasm – constriction of damaged blood vessel; (2) Platelet plug formation – platelets are element found in blood and have an imperative role in the clotting process. Platelets form a temporary plug that seals the break in the damaged vessel. They cling themselves to the injured site and releases chemicals, initiating the positive feedback cycle that attracts more platelets to the area, building up the platelet plug which further reduce blood loss. (3) Coagulation or blood clotting – blood changes from liquid to gel form involving multistep process. ( Marieb Hoehn, 2007). Homeostasis is restored by which the blood volume is maintained with preventing blood loss. In conclusion, homeostasis means the maintenance of virtually steady conditions in the body’s internal environment. It is important to sustain life and keeping the body healthy. Efficiency of the regulating systems in correlation with the feedback system is essential for homeostatic control mechanism which is the negative and positive feedback mechanisms. Homeostasis can be witness not only in body temperature and blood volume maintenance but also in many other parts of the body. Homeostasis is of such importance that the disturbance of it and failure of compensation to restore it will result in illness or diseases. Word count: 1028 Bibliography Guyton, A. C. , Hall, J. E. (2006). Textbook Of Medical Physiology. Pennsylvania: Elsevier Saunders. Marieb, E. N. , Hoehn, K. 2007). Human Anatomy Physiology. San Francisco: Pearson Benjamin Cummings. Silverthorn, D. U. (2001). Human Physiology: an integrated approach. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall. Tortora, G. J. , Derrickson, B. (2009). Principles of Anatomy and Physiology. USA: John Wiley Sons Inc. Homeostasis. (n. d. ). In Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved January 27, 2010, from http://en. wik ipedia. org/wiki/Homeostasis DeRosnay, J. (1997, February 17). Homeostasis: resistance to change. Retrieved January 27, 2010, from Principia Cybertica Web: http://pespmc1. vub. ac. be/homeosta. html

Rc Coleman Managerial Report free essay sample

35| 39| 35| 39| 0| Yes| K| 39| 43| 39| 43| 0| Yes| Expected time to finish the project is E(t)=B+C+E+F+H+J+K =9+4+10+6+6+4+4=43 weeks Standard deviation=the sum of the variances of the critical path =B + C + E + F + H + J + K =v2. 78 + 0. 44 + 1. 00 + 0. 44 + 0. 44 + 0. 11 + 0. 44 = v5. 56 = 2. 38 At Time =40 z= (40-43)/2. 38 = -1. 26 Cumulative probability= 0. 1038 or ~ 10% The critical activities are B, C, E, F, H, J and K. The project should be completed (earliest finish) in 43 weeks therefore R. C. Coleman’s 40 week completion time cannot be achieved. The probability of R. C. Coleman meeting the 40 week deadline is ~10%. This is a low chance, so they should be cautioned if they make 40 weeks their deadline. 2. 80% of a probability of ~0. 7995 has a z score of 0. 84. Thus 40-E(t)/v5. 67=0. 84 E(t)=38 weeks If the project is shorted to 38 weeks, R. C. Coleman will be able to achieve the goal of 80% completion at 40 weeks. R. C Coleman should crash activities to reduce the expected project completion time to 38 weeks. We will write a custom essay sample on Rc Coleman Managerial Report or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 3. Crashing decisions table;

Why Americans Do Not Vote

Why Americans Do Not Vote Why Americans Do Not Vote Americans will be going to the ballot in November this year to elect their next President. This occurs amid the backdrop of a decreasing number of people who become less interested in politics in general and voting in particular. This is not a new trend in American politics, it has been witnessed earlier and the reasons for this trend have continued to be dynamic even as America continues to develop as a nation. This paper discusses the reasons why many American citizens do note vote in whichever kind of election, as they are mandated by the Constitution. The right to vote was one of the reasons why Civil Right Movement was active in American society since its independence in 1776.Not everyone was allowed to vote and this angered the human rights groups who believed that, all men are created equal and therefore they should be allowed to vote. The demands were granted in 1965 by the passing of the Voting Rights Act of the same year. However, many Americans are now avoiding the voting centers forgetting that voting is not only a civil obligation but also a constitutional mandate. Statistics indicate that many people who do not vote are the youth who are under 30 years representing 40%, infrequent voters form 29% while frequent voters who may refrain from voting form 14%. From my observation, the level of education and marital status plays a crucial role in the voting pattern. Another factor that influences voting trend is race with whites forming 54% of a nonvoting group. Equally, the amount of wealth owned has also been of great importance with more rich people embracing voting than the poor people. In addition, statistics indicate that the national voting percentage has dropped from 63.1% in 1960 to 56.8% in 2008, with the lowest turnout in presidential election in 1996 that had 49.1% voters.This statistics are for presidential elections only. Local elections normally have lower voter turnout than presidential elections. The main reason that Americans cite for their discouragement in voting is lack of time to go to vote. Many Americans are too busy with their work on the day of voting. Additionally, many of them also indicate that they have lost interest in voting because, according to them, the rich will always have what they want any way through poll rigging and other dirty tricks that serve their own interests. Similarly, many voters are subjugating their voting rights because of disappointment in the previous candidates. Most Americans believe that a candidate, whether a democrat or republican, is voted because of their well articulated policies and promises. However, many of those who get into the offices have failed to deliver on their campaign promises and this frustrates the voters. Most candidates who make it to high offices sit over and watch as Americans continue to suffer from the increased taxes, dwindling standards of living, lack of health insurance, among many other social problems that bedevil the American society.Such voters refrain from voting believing that the process cannot help them to transform their lives since the candidate will not deliver on his or her promises. Conclusion In conclusion, there is a need for voters awareness programs to enable the voters to make good choice during the electoral process especially on the person they are voting in as their President. This will help the undecided voters who really do not know what they want for the American society. I believe that all Americans are obliged to participate in all voting processes as it is their constitutional right and those who abscond to perform their obligation should be prosecuted. Equally, the elected leaders should also be obliged to deliver to their promises.

Important Quotes from Night by Elie Wiesel

Important Quotes from Night by Elie Wiesel Night, by Elie Wiesel, is a work of Holocaust literature, with a decidedly autobiographical slant. Wiesel based the book- at least in part- on his own experiences during World War II. Through just a brief 116 pages, the book has received considerable acclaim, and the author won the Nobel Prize in 1986. The quotes below show the searing nature of the novel, as Wiesel tries to make sense of one of the worst human-made catastrophes in history. Night Falls Wiesels journey into Hell began with a yellow star, which the Nazis forced Jews to wear. The star was, often, a mark of death, as the Germans used it to identify Jews and send them to concentration camps.   The  yellow star? Oh well, what of it? You dont die of it.   Chapter 1 A prolonged whistle split the air. The wheels began to grind. We were on our way.   Chapter 1 The journey to the camps began with a train ride, with Jews packed into pitch-black rail cars, with no room to sit down, no bathrooms, no hope. Men to the left! Women to the right!   Chapter 3 Eight words  spoken  quietly, indifferently, without emotion. Eight short, simple words. Yet that was the moment when I parted from my mother.   Chapter 3 Upon entering the camps, men,  women, and children were usually segregated; the line to the left meant going into forced slave labor and wretched conditions- but temporary survival; the line to the right often meant a trip the gas chamber and immediate death. Do you see that chimney over there? See it? Do you see those flames? (Yes, we did see the flames.) Over there-thats where youre going to be taken. Thats your grave, over there.   Chapter 3 The flames rose 24-hours a day from the incinerators- after the Jews were killed in the gas chambers by Zyklon B, their bodies were immediately taken to incinerators to be burned into to black, charred dust. Never shall I forget that night, the first night in camp, which has turned my life into one long night.   Chapter 3 Utter Loss of Hope Wiesels quotes speak eloquently of the utter hopelessness of life in the concentration camps. A dark flame had entered into my soul and devoured it.​  Ã‚  Chapter 3 I was a body. Perhaps less than that even: a starved stomach. The stomach alone was aware of the passage of time.   Chapter 4 I was thinking of my father. He must have suffered more than I did.   Chapter 4 Whenever I dreamed of a better world, I could only imagine a universe with no bells.   Chapter 5 Ive got more faith in Hitler than in anyone else. Hes the only one whos kept his promises, all his promises, to the Jewish people.   Chapter 5 Living With Death Wiesel, of course, did survive the Holocaust  and became a journalist, but it was only 15 years after the war ended that he was able to describe how the inhumane experience in the camps turned him into a living corpse. When they withdrew, next to me were two corpses, side by side, the father and the son. I was fifteen years old.   Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Chapter 7 We were all going to die here. All limits had been passed. No one had any strength left. And again the night would be long.   Chapter 7 But I had no more tears. And, in the depths of my being, in the recesses of my weakened conscience, could I have searched it, I might perhaps have found something like-free at last!​   Chapter 8 After my fathers death, nothing could touch me any more.   Chapter 9 From the depths of the mirror, a corpse gazed back at me. The look in his eyes, as they stared into mine, has never left me.   Chapter 9

Final Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Final - Essay Example US commission on Civil rights serves as an overall advisor as well as a watchdog and the country’s civil rights division within the department of justice bears the responsibility of enforcing non-discrimination statutes. Nevertheless, the dispersion of responsibilities in agencies with different agendas affected the process of affirmative action implementation. However, all the agencies were concerned with application of non-discriminating policies to the various segments of the US economy despite the rise of various jurisprudence disputes even within their spheres of action; besides administrative actions were related and affected other spheres. By the turn of the twenty-first century, a small number expressed support for racial discrimination after the civil rights movement progressed from obscurity during the civil war to mid-twentieth century activism to the current accepted wisdom. The non-controversial part is the reactive policy that ensures non-discrimination based on race, religion, color, sex and national origin in social, economic and educational affairs. The non-discrimination laws are designed to make sure that individuals are never judged by color of skin, but rather by the content of their character and incase a violation occurs, such individuals are entitled to remedies (Lee, 1999). Positive and Negative Results of Affirmative Action Legislation Affirmative action seems to have a short history though it is a hands-on policy that makes special efforts about employment decisions, entry into college and other public behavior as a means of compensating for past discrimination. Affirmative action bases on the thought that various groups of people even without being discriminated against currently, any individual belonging to such groups are disadvantaged in the workplace and in campuses as a result of the past discrimination aimed at the group. Therefore, affirmative action attempts to level the playing ground for all categories of citizens th ought it emphasizes on disadvantaged groups as opposed to injured individuals. Affirmative action can refer to a court-ordered, remedial programs designed to correct effects of discrimination documented in court. Proponents of affirmative action hold that affirmative action provides long-term cure for discrimination by offering victims chances to show their skills and worth, which eventually changes prejudicial attitudes. Nevertheless, opponents of this controversial program argue that affirmative action never addresses the cause of inequality and the program can create labor market inefficiencies and result in reverse discrimination. Therefore, both sides suggest that effective affirmative action would cause minority employment to increase however; the sides disagree on whether this raise is efficient and on whether it would be sustainable if affirmative action ended (Lee, 1999). Currently there is small opportunity to measure the impact of eradicating affirmative action programs. As Federal, support for enforcement faded and flowed, the Supreme Court ruling in the past decade chipped away at affirmative action making it difficult to confirm whether concurrent changes in minority outcomes are due to affirmative actio

Family Bereavement Experiences after Sudden Cardiac Death Essay

Family Bereavement Experiences after Sudden Cardiac Death - Essay Example CASP tool provides a series of questions whose answers require critical scrutiny of the article without biases. In this piece of critique writing, CASP will be applied in the quest to analyze the family bereavement due to SCD. Also, this being the first piece of critique writing; the tools provide better foundation and understanding of what is entailed in a critique essay (CRITICAL APPRAISAL SKILLS PROGRAMME 2011). The article of analysis is titled ‘Family bereavement after Sudden Cardiac Death’ written by Mayer. It is an article about a qualitative research to understand the predicaments faced by families that are victims of SCD. It was written on 28 July 2012 and later revised on 17 may 2013. Several outcomes were found pointing out the hardships faced by these families. The article came from Elsevier website. In this article, the CASP tool will be utilized to scrutinize an article about family bereavement and SCD. It is a qualitative research. Qualitative research is a form of research designed to help generate an explanation for a certain behavior among a group of people and if possible state the stimulus causing the various behaviors (Denzin and Lincoln 2005). Qualitative research is applied in many disciplines due to the many advantages that come with the technique. The goal or rather the main objective of the research is to illustrate the bereavement of family members after the departure of a dear one due to sudden cardiac death. Death of a family member brings about the distortion of the stability of several aspects in the family. The gap left by the departed person affects the family members in different ways that the author of the article has classified into themes. Five themes formulated by the researcher provided guidance to the search of the specific things to look for in the bereaved families.  

Survey Example Essay Example for Free

Survey Example Essay We the students of communication skills 14 are conducting a research paper regarding the causes and effects of smoking and drinking to 2nd year students of Centro Escolar University, Manila school year 2012-2013. Here are some questions below, please answer it by putting check on the answers provided before the line. Thankfully yours, (name of respondents) Researchers Questions For Drinkers: 1. Have you ever consumed alcohol? __yes __no 2. At what age did you start consuming alcohol? ________ 3. . Why did you start consuming alcohol? __ peer pressure __family problems __curiosity __to have fun Other(please specify____________) 4. Have you ever passed out or experience memory loss due to drinking? ___ yes ____no 5. What alcoholic beverages do you often drink? ____ beer ____ cocktails ____ rhum ____ whistkey 6. How often do you drink? ____ once a week ____ twice a week ____ once every two weeks Others: (please specify) _____ 7. Do you drink to escape pain, either physical or emotional? ___ Yes ___ No 8. How does it affect your condition the next day? ____ makes you lazy ____ makes you feel sleepy ____ makes you feel out of the mood ____ makes you feel sick 9. Have you ever skipped or missed class because of drinking? ___Yes ___ No 10. How does it affect your performance in school? ____ gives you poor outcome in class participation ____ makes you feel lazy to come to class ____ makes you feel sleepy during class ____ gives you low grades 11. Have you ever skipped or missed class because of drinking? ___Yes ___No 12. Did you ever get into any fights while drinking? ___Yes ___No 13. Any future plans to stop? ___ Yes ___ No Questions for Smokers: 1. When did you start to smoke? ____ 10-12 years old ____ 13-15 years old ____ 16-19 years old Others: (Please specify) _____________ 2. Why did you start smoking? ____ peer pressure ____ stress ____ curiosity Other(please specify) ______________ 3. What do you get from smoking? ____Relaxation ____ Habit ____Good time Others(please specify) ___ 4. Who among in your household smokes? ____Father ____ Sister ____Mother ____ Brother Others(please specify) ____ 5. How many sticks did you used when smoking? ____1 to 2 sticks ____ 2 to 3 sticks ____ 3 to 4 sticks Others(please specify) ____________ 6. How often do you smoke? ____ everyday ____ every other day ____ once a week Others( please specify) ____________ 7. What influenced you to start smoking? ____ peer pressure ____ to gain new experience ____ being done in the family Other(please specify) _____________ 8. Why do you smoke? ____Relaxation ____ Habit ____ Good times Others(please specify)____ 9. Are you aware of the effects of smoking to yourself and to the people around you? ____ Yes ____ No 10. Any future plans to stop? ____ Yes ____ No

Political Policies Between The United States and The Soviet Union During the 1970s :: American America History

Political Policies Between The United States and The Soviet Union During the 1970s One can not effectively interpret world political policies of the 1970's without the inclusion of the relationship known as dà ©tente, and the breakdown there of. The breakdown of the 1970's dà ©tente can be attributed to many different issues and events. In researching these events the varying opinions from both world superpowers which would establish the failure of dà ©tente in history, as a breakdown in communication and talks between the United State's White House and the Soviet Union's Kremlin with the collapse of dà ©tente marking the end of the 1970's. During the 1976 presidential campaign, the tension between the objective of transformation and the importance of coexistence became crucial. Conservatives criticized dà ©tente for not moderating the Soviets involvement in the Third World transformation to communism. In the United States, many saw accumulative series of Soviet interventions which involved military means; Angola, Ethiopia, Kampuchea, Afghanistan, as a pattern of Soviet expansion, which was not consistent with dà ©tente. Many actually believed that these expansionist moves were encouraged by dà ©tente. Ultimately, the expectations that dà ©tente would achieve more were held by both powers. It was the failure to satisfy these expectations which led to its demise. Kissinger suggested that "dà ©tente, with all its weaknesses, should be judged not against some ideal but against what would have happened in its absence. Dà ©tente did not cause the Soviet arms build-up, nor could it have stopped it. However, it may have slowed it down or made it more benign" (Garthoff 1994:1123). Perhaps dà ©tente could be viewed, not as a method of preventing or deterring tension which might lead to war, but as a way of postponing their effect until the United States could more effectively deal with them. By 1976, dà ©tente was a controversial term with both left and right hands of the disagreement criticizing its development. With the Administration of Jimmy Carter, a campaign for restoring confidence in government institutions and reforming American foreign policy was implemented (Froman 1991:74). President Carter appointed Zbigniew Brzezinski as National Security Adviser and Cyrus Vance as Secretary of State. The ongoing differences between Brzezinski and Vance resulted in turmoil for the Carter administration as well as destroyed Carter's efforts to develop a set of boundaries for the principles of dà ©tente. Dà ©tente began to collapse almost as soon as it had begun. Watergate undermined President Richard M.

Mid Term 1 Solution

COT5405 Analysis of Algorithms Midterm 1 Solution Summer 2012 June 11 In all cases explain clearly and as succinctly as possible. Problem 1 10 Pts Answer: n T (n) = 2T ( n ) + log n 2 2 n = 4T ( n ) + logn n + log n 4 2 2 2 n = 4T ( n ) + log nn? 1 + log n 4 2 2 = †¦ ?log2 n 1 = nT (1) + n i=1 i ? n Since i=1 1 > ln n, T (n) ? ?(n log log n) i Problem 2 20 Pts Answer: The general idea is to use the technique similar to quick sort, by doing partition on both lids and cups.First we pick a cup randomly, and use it to partition the lids into two subsets: those lids smaller than the size of that cup, and those larger than the size of the cup. We can also ? nd the correspondent lid for that chosen cup. Second we use that lid to partition the cups and divide them into two sets. We keep on repeating this procedure on each subset of cups/lids until all the cups/lids are paired. The overall time complexity is O(n log n) (Worst case: O(n2 )). Problem 3 20 Pts Answer: In this problem we are more interested in ? ding the median instead of the minimum/maximum element. The ? n ? th element in a min/max heap is not the median. 2 In this case, we should develop a new type of heap to adapt this problem. Problem 3 2 The solution is to use two heaps: a min heap and a max heap. Suppose the total number of elements is n, we set the restriction that the max heap should contain ? n ? 2 elements. Correspondingly, the min heap contains n ? ? n ? elements. 2 When we insert an element, we always insert it into the max heap.If the number of elements in the max heap exceeds ? n ? , we remove the maximum element in the 2 max heap (the root), and insert it into the minimum heap. During this procedure, we need to do heapify to maintain the heap structure for both heaps. Under this setting, it is easy to see that all the elements in the max heap are less than those in the min heap, and the two elements at the root of both heaps represent the ? n ? th 2 and (? n ? + 1)th element. 2 Suppose the median is de? ned to be the ? n ? th element over all n elements.When 2 we delete the median, we just delete the root of the max heap, and the following two cases might occur: (1) If the max heap contains ? n? 1 ? elements, then we do delete-max to the max 2 heap. (2) If the max heap contains ? n? 1 ? ? 1 elements, we take out the root of the min 2 heap and set it to be the root in the max heap (because it is larger than all the elements in the max heap), then we do delete-min to the min heap. It is straightforward to see that the time complexity for both insert and delete-median is O(log n). COT5405 Analysis of Algorithms HW 2

My Summer Vacation Essay

The dream summer holiday of every individual merely comes one time in a life-time. In the summer of 2014 I had merely completed my first twelvemonth of college and my parents wanted to take me some where I’ll ever retrieve for my profound work. I had no hint of what their purposes were or what to even anticipate from them. My parents had invited merely about all of our stopping points relations and household friends to come along and observe the juncture with us. Majority of those that came brought gifts and money to promote me to make good. Of class this made me the most thrilled individual in the universe. because I non merely had household and friends over to observe but they besides spent the dark over for the trip my parents had put together to take us on. The undermentioned forenoon my Father woke everyone up at 2oclock in the forenoon to acquire situated and hit the route for the airdrome by 3oclock. How dry they had everything planned out from the bathroom clip to the seating in the vehicles. But yet each and every clip I pampered the inquiry in their caputs as to where we were traveling they ne'er answered me. Anxious to cognize I was. so one began believing of all the possibilities of the topographic points they’d see traveling. I began to acquire drowsy from how early I woke up and all the wonder running through my venas. After acquiring to the airdrome at 4oclock our flight eventually left at 6:45am and we arrived at our finish into Fort Lauderdale. Florida. We collected our bags and was on our journey one time once more this clip it had felt as if we had been driving everlastingly. I had woken up to shrieks and shouting from about everyone around me. yet I still had no hint as to what was traveling on. As my pa was seeking to happen a parking topographic point I started to look out the window in hunt of any hints that could assist me calculate out where precisely we were. Once we pasted the entryway my eyes blew up when I saw the words Carnival Cruise Lines. After seeing all the commercials with all the celebrations that occur. all the celebrated people that appear in individual. the astonishing games and household activities. the theater and nutrient that was on board. this was so the topographic point I would give the universe to travel to. When asked by my parents how I liked my gift. I became lost for words and could merely smile for how happy and filed with joy I was.

Calcite and Aragonite in Earths Carbon Cycle

Calcite and Aragonite in Earth's Carbon Cycle You may think of carbon as an element that on Earth is found mainly in living things (that is, in organic matter) or in the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. Both of those geochemical reservoirs are important, of course, but the vast majority of carbon is locked up in carbonate minerals. These are led by calcium carbonate, which takes two mineral forms named calcite and aragonite. Calcium Carbonate Minerals in Rocks Aragonite and calcite have the same chemical formula, CaCO3, but their atoms are stacked in different configurations. That is, they are polymorphs. (Another example is the trio of kyanite, andalusite, and sillimanite.) Aragonite has an orthorhombic structure and calcite a trigonal structure. Our gallery of carbonate minerals covers the basics of both minerals from the rockhounds viewpoint: how to identify them, where theyre found, some of their peculiarities. Calcite is more stable in general than aragonite, although as temperatures and pressures change one of the two minerals may convert to the other. At surface conditions, aragonite spontaneously turns into calcite over geologic time, but at higher pressures aragonite, the denser of the two, is the preferred structure. High temperatures work in calcites favor. At surface pressure, aragonite cant endure temperatures above around 400Â °C for long. High-pressure, low-temperature rocks of the blueschist metamorphic facies often contain veins of aragonite instead of calcite. The process of turning back to calcite is slow enough that aragonite can persist in a metastable state, similar to diamond. Sometimes a crystal of one mineral converts to the other mineral while preserving its original shape as a pseudomorph: it may look like a typical calcite knob or aragonite needle, but the petrographic microscope shows its true nature. Many geologists, for most purposes, dont need to know the correct polymorph and just talk about carbonate. Most of the time, the carbonate in rocks is calcite. Calcium Carbonate Minerals in Water Calcium carbonate chemistry is more complicated when it comes to understanding which polymorph will crystallize out of solution. This process is common in nature, because neither mineral is highly soluble, and the presence of dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2) in water pushes them toward precipitating. In water, CO2 exists in balance with the bicarbonate ion, HCO3, and carbonic acid, H2CO3, all of which are highly soluble. Changing the level of CO2 affects the levels of these other compounds, but the CaCO3 in the middle of this chemical chain pretty much has no choice but to precipitate as a mineral that cant dissolve quickly and return to the water. This one-way process is a major driver of the geological carbon cycle. Which arrangement the calcium ions (Ca2) and carbonate ions (CO32–) will choose as they join into CaCO3 depends on conditions in the water. In clean fresh water (and in the laboratory), calcite predominates, especially in cool water. Cavestone formations are generally calcite. Mineral cements in many limestones and other sedimentary rocks are generally calcite. The ocean is the most important habitat in the geological record, and calcium carbonate mineralization is an important part of oceanic life and marine geochemistry. Calcium carbonate comes directly out of solution to form mineral layers on the tiny round particles called ooids and to form the cement of seafloor mud. Which mineral crystallizes, calcite or aragonite, depends on the water chemistry. Seawater is full of ions that compete with calcium and carbonate. Magnesium (Mg2) clings to the calcite structure, slowing down the growth of calcite and forcing itself into calcites molecular structure, but it doesnt interfere with aragonite. Sulfate ion (SO4–) also suppresses calcite growth. Warmer water and a larger supply of dissolved carbonate favor aragonite by encouraging it to grow faster than calcite can. Calcite and Aragonite Seas These things matter to the living things that build their shells and structures out of calcium carbonate. Shellfish, including bivalves and brachiopods, are familiar examples. Their shells are not pure mineral, but intricate mixtures of microscopic carbonate crystals bound together with proteins. The one-celled animals and plants classified as plankton make their shells, or tests, the same way. Another important factor appears to be that algae benefit from making carbonate by ensuring themselves a ready supply of CO2 to help with photosynthesis. All of these creatures use enzymes to construct the mineral they prefer. Aragonite makes needlelike crystals whereas calcite makes blocky ones, but many species can make use of either. Many mollusk shells use aragonite on the inside and calcite on the outside. Whatever they do uses energy, and when ocean conditions favor one carbonate or the other, the shell-building process takes extra energy to work against the dictates of pure chemistry. This means that changing the chemistry of a lake or the ocean penalizes some species and advantages others. Over geologic time the ocean has shifted between aragonite seas and calcite seas. Today were in an aragonite sea that is high in magnesium- it favors the precipitation of aragonite plus calcite thats high in magnesium. A calcite sea, lower in magnesium, favors low-magnesium calcite. The secret is fresh seafloor basalt, whose minerals react with magnesium in seawater and pull it out of circulation. When plate tectonic activity is vigorous, we get calcite seas. When its slower and spreading zones are shorter, we get aragonite seas. Theres more to it than that, of course. The important thing is that the two different regimes exist, and the boundary between them is roughly when magnesium is twice as abundant as calcium in seawater. The Earth has had an aragonite sea since roughly 40 million years ago (40 Ma). The most recent previous aragonite sea period was between late Mississippian and early Jurassic time (about 330 to 180 Ma), and next going back in time was the latest Precambrian, before 550 Ma. In between these periods, Earth had calcite seas. More aragonite and calcite periods are being mapped out farther back in time. Its thought that over geologic time, these large-scale patterns have made a difference in the mix of organisms that built reefs in the sea. The things we learn about carbonate mineralization and its response to ocean chemistry are also important to know as we try to figure out how the sea will respond to human-caused changes in the atmosphere and climate.

Pandillas como MS-13 y leyes migratorias de EE.UU.

Pandillas como MS-13 y leyes migratorias de EE.UU. Ser miembro de una pandilla como la MS-13 o la Mara Salvatrucha, o incluso la simple sospecha de pertenencia actual o pasada causa problemas migratorios gravà ­simos para todos los extranjeros presentes en el paà ­s. Por su gran impacto migratorio, este artà ­culo informa sobre quà © es una pandilla, conocida tambià ©n como mara, cà ³mo las autoridades migratorias obtienen informacià ³n sobre quià ©n es o puede ser pandillero, cules son las consecuencias migratorias y quà © se puede hacer si se tienen problemas por esta razà ³n.  ¿Quà © se considera que es una pandilla o mara? No hay una definicià ³n legal à ºnica sobre quà © es una pandilla. Sin embargo, el Departamento de Seguridad Interna (DHS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s), del que dependen organismos migratorios como ICE y USCIS, considera que una pandilla es una asociacià ³n formal o informal de tres o ms personas que tiene como uno de sus principales objetivos cometer uno o ms delitos. Es decir, una mara no tiene que ser una organizacià ³n grande y conocida como la Mara Salvatrucha, la MS-13 o los Latin Kings.  ¿Cà ³mo saben las autoridades migratorias que un migrante es pandillero? Las autoridades migratorias consultan una o varias bases de datos que incluyen informacià ³n sobre las personas que pertenecen a alguna de esas organizaciones o de quienes se sospecha que tienen algà ºn tipo de afiliacià ³n con las mismas o, incluso, quienes pertenecieron en el pasado. Entre la informacià ³n que se registra en las bases de datos se encuentran los nombres de los pandilleros, apodos, direccià ³n, descripcià ³n fà ­sica y marcas, como por ejemplo lunares o cicatrices, tatuajes, nacionalidad, identificacià ³n de la pandilla a la que pertenecen o con la que se sospecha que estn afiliados y posicià ³n dentro de la misma. Entre las bases de datos ms utilizadas destaca GangNet. Se sabe que la utilizan al menos el FBI, ICE - la agencia encargada de ejecutar las leyes migratorias- , 14 estados y el Distrito de Columbia. En 2016, ICE dejà ³ de utilizar ICEGangs y ahora busca informacià ³n sobre posibles pandilleros en la citada GangNet y en otras bases de datos como, ICM, EID y FALCON. Adems, estados, condados o ciudades pueden tener sus propias bases de datos para este fin. Una de las ms completas es CalGang, a la cual aà ±aden informacià ³n todos los departamentos de policà ­a del estado de California. Se da por hecho entre los abogados migratorios que el Departamento de Seguridad Interna, del cual dependen ICE y USCIS, tiene acceso a la informacià ³n que contienen muchas de esas bases de datos locales o estatales, pero se desconoce el alcance de la colaboracià ³n.  ¿Cà ³mo se incluye una persona en una base de datos sobre pandillas o maras? Segà ºn el Centro de Recursos Legales Migratorios (ILRC, por sus siglas en inglà ©s), el nombre de una persona puede incluirse en una base de datos sobre pertenencia o afiliacià ³n con maras en cuatro situaciones. En primer lugar, como resultado de la investigacià ³n de un delito. En segundo lugar, por lo que se declara cuando se est en custodia de la policà ­a. En tercer lugar, por condena en un juicio y, en cuarto lugar, como consecuencia de lo que un agente anota durante lo que se conoce como una entrevista de campo (field interview, en inglà ©s). En este contexto, debe entenderse como una entrevista de campo una interaccià ³n entre un pandillero o sospecho de serlo y un agente de la policà ­a que tiene lugar en un vecindario de una ciudad con un alto à ­ndice de presencia pandillera. Cada estado establece sus propias reglas para determinar cundo el agente puede incluir a una persona en una base de datos de pandillas, por lo que es imposible brindar reglas generales. Sin embargo, en California, donde la presencia pandillera es notable, la ley permite la inclusià ³n de una persona en CalGang si cumple al menos dos de los siguientes requisitos: Ha reconocido pertenecer a una maraHa sido arrestada en compaà ±Ãƒ ­a de personas conocidas como pandillerosHa sido identificada como miembro de una pandilla por un informanteExhibe sà ­mbolos o gestos manuales propios de pandillasTiene tatuajes propios de pandillasFrecuenta lugares en los que se reà ºnen las pandillasViste ropa que se identifica con una determinada mara Como consecuencia de la laxitud de los requisitos para ser incluido en una base de datos sobre pandillas, entre los defensores de los migrantes se argumenta que muchas de las personas incluidas en las mismas no son, en realidad, pandilleros. Adems, cuando una persona est detenida en una crcel o prisià ³n no migratoria frecuentemente se registra su afiliacià ³n con una pandilla - verificada o presunta- para evitar colocar en el mismo mà ³dulo carcelario a miembros de distintas organizaciones. Asimismo, agencias migratorias como la Policà ­a Fronteriza (CBP, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) e ICE tambià ©n registran si una persona es sospechosa de pertenecer a pandillas e incluso agencias privadas que gestionan crceles migratorias, como CCA y GEO, tambià ©n realizan esta clase de anotaciones. Por otro lado, hay que tener en consideracià ³n que cada jurisdiccià ³n establece las reglas sobre si es obligatorio notificar a una persona que ha sido incluida en alguna de dichas bases de datos o registros sobre pertenencia a pandillas, por lo que en muchos casos el interesado no sabe que su nombre ha sido incluido. Una vez que el nombre ha sido incluido, es muy difà ­cil sacarlo de la base de datos. Estar incluido en una base de datos de maras,  ¿cà ³mo afecta a los asuntos migratorios? La pertenencia a pandillas se considera, desde el punto de vista migratorio, como una amenaza a la seguridad nacional de los Estados Unidos, lo cual significa que si un migrante es calificado como tal, tiene un problema migratorio gravà ­simo. Hay que destacar distintas situaciones. En primer lugar, si una persona extranjera est detenida por Inmigracià ³n y se sabe o sospecha que es miembro de una pandilla como los Latin King, MS-13 o Mara Salvatrucha, no va a obtener una fianza o, si la obtuviese, va a ser por un monto muy alto. Adems, se inicia un procedimiento de deportacià ³n o expulsià ³n en su contra. No cabe duda de que la pertenencia actual o pasada a una pandilla o mara es causa prioritaria de deportacià ³n. En el caso de migrantes no detenidos que solicitan un beneficio migratorio, como un ajuste de estatus, por ejemplo, DACA para jà ³venes indocumentados que llegaron a Estados Unidos siendo nià ±os o la visa U para và ­ctimas de violencia, dicho beneficio puede ser negado y, de hecho, eso es lo que sucede en la mayorà ­a de los casos. La denegacià ³n del beneficio migratorio puede deberse porque se pregunta especà ­ficamente en el formulario de aplicacià ³n sobre pertenencia a pandillas y, en caso de que asà ­ sea, se aplica lo que se conoce como causa de inadmisibilidad (a)(3)(B) que da lugar a que no se pueda estar en EE.UU. y se inicie un proceso de deportacià ³n. En otros casos en los que no se se realiza esa pregunta, como es el caso de los formularios de DACA, el beneficio ser negado casi siempre porque el oficial del USCIS tiene el poder discrecional de decidir si aprueba el beneficio que se solicita y, en el caso de los pandilleros, la regla general es no aprobarlo.  ¿Quà © se puede hacer cuando un migrante es sospechoso de pandillero? Estos son casos muy delicados y que deben ser siempre tratados en confidencialidad con un abogado que tenga experiencia en este tipo de casos y que conozca las reglas y reglamentos del estado respecto a pandillas y bases de datos. Si una persona extranjera se ha movido en cà ­rculos pandilleros, aunque no haya pertenecido a ninguna pandilla o si realmente ha tenido membresà ­a en alguna de ellas, deberà ­a consultar con un abogado antes de solicitar cualquier tipo de beneficio migratorio, ya que podrà ­a estar provocando el inicio de un proceso de deportacià ³n en su contra. Es importante que el abogado conozca si el estado est obligado a comunicar la inclusià ³n de una persona en la base de datos. En el caso de que se produzca dicha comunicacià ³n, se debe contratar a un abogado para que intente apelar y borrar el nombre del migrante de dicha base de datos. Si se vive en una jurisdiccià ³n donde la autoridad no est obligada a notificar la inclusià ³n de una persona en un registro de maras, es importante que el abogado intente recabar esa informacià ³n indirectamente. Por ejemplo, solicitando rà ©cords de posibles arrestos, de oficiales de libertad condicional o parole o, incluso, de high school, ya que en muchas escuelas se realizan anotaciones sobre posible pertenencia a pandillas de los estudiantes. Puntos clave Las pandillas o maras son consideradas una amenaza a la seguridad de EE.UU.Membresà ­a o sospecha de pertenencia a pandillas es causa de problemas migratorios graves.Existen varias bases de datos de pandilleros. Es posible estar en una sin saberlo. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

IBM Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

IBM - Research Paper Example Thus, one does not have to worry about how things are being managed secretly in the cloud since the cloud is in charge for being extremely accessible as well as receptive to the requirements of the application (TechRepublic, 2008), (Hartig, 2009) and (TechTarget, 2007). This paper presents analysis of a real-life application of new technology at Amazon. This paper will analyze the application of new communication technology like wireless and "cloud computing" at Amazon. Cloud Computing at Amazon’s Business Amazon.com Inc., is one of the largest online sellers, has launched a new service that is focused on facilitating the management about making an easy management of their computing as well as web related functions. Though the use of new technology based arrangement at Amazon.com Inc., customers are able to utilize the new Elastic Beanstalk service to hit Amazon’s computing control even without having technological knowledge to execute applications (Galante, 2011). New Technology at Amazon This section discusses the new technology framework that Amazon.com has introduced.

Crisis Management and Communication Research Paper

Crisis Management and Communication - Research Paper Example It is the moment of uncertainty that best describes a crisis situation. The severity of such crisis varies significantly, with less moderate to severe. The most common aspect of uncertainty pertains to the ethical and moral implications of the organization’s communication strategy during the crisis. The most common aspect of this is who is to be held responsible. Often, organizations fail to address crisis effectively because they have the tendency to engage in blame game which should ideally be the no-go area for organizations during crisis situations. The purpose of communication, or more so â€Å"strategic† communication during times like these, is to mitigate to some extent this form of uncertainty associated with the crisis. The higher the uncertainty associated with finding a solution for the crisis the greater the severity of the crisis (Stephens, Malone, & Bailey, 2005). It is often useful to classify crisis as an event caused by either external factors such as opportunities and threats as well as internal dynamics of the company including strengths and weaknesses. Crisis puts the company’s immediate survival at stake. ... Furthermore, researchers have also delineated on the steps in crisis management and communication, keeping in mind the procedural nature of a crisis situation. In the first stage, the organization gets signs and warning signals pertaining to an upcoming disaster (Stephens, Malone, & Bailey, 2005). In the next stage, organizations often engage in preparation and prevention exercises such as team-building measures as well as employing training measures to deal effectively with the crisis (Stephens, Malone, & Bailey, 2005). In the third phase, the damage is potentially â€Å"contained† or limited by several measures, the most important of which is communication, in order to avert the spillover of damage to other parts of the organization (Stephens, Malone, & Bailey, 2005). In the final phase, the organization recovers from the mishap, which is followed by essential learning in order to avoid the possibility of such a crisis in future (Stephens, Malone, & Bailey, 2005). Communicat ion during crisis situations, therefore, is fundamental to reaching the recovery phase sooner and more safely. The ultimate aim of communication during crisis situation is to frame appropriate public perceptions about the company and to maintain a favorable image of the company in the minds of stakeholders. Communication during these times also serves the purpose of informing, convincing or even motivating stakeholders towards a desired form of action. Another aim of crisis communication is to ensure that the damage is controlled and that the negative impact of the crisis on various environmental elements is minimized. Companies often use this as an opportunity to reinforce and communicate existing values, culture, vision and mission associated with the organizations to the public. As is the

Chanel and the Little Black Dress Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Chanel and the Little Black Dress - Essay Example Clothing by the company is available in both ready to wear formats and haute couture. The firm has about 100 boutiques worldwide, more than 35 of which are in Japan. (Source datamonitor.com- Chanel) Gabrielle "Coco" Chanel was the founder of the company. She started small, opening a milliner's shop in 1909. Chanel opened her first fashion boutique in 1913. Her designs were known for their simplicity and the differentiation from the fashions that existed at that period. She basically used men's fabrics and jerseys and created simpler, comfortable clothes along boxy lines that became very popular. Her most famous perfume, Chanel No 5 debuted in the 1920s and was the first perfume that combined natural substances with chemical aldehyde and was an instant hit. She introduced the "little black dress" in 1926, which became a signature piece and was embraced universally. Alain and Gerard Wertheimer acquired the Chanel Company in 1954.Coco Chanel died in 1971. Ready-to-wear fashions were not introduced until 1978, after Coco Chanel's death. Karl Lagerfeld took over haute couture design in 1983 and ready-to-wear design in 1984. Since then Chanel has grown with acquisitions, newer designers and celebrity endorsements. Michael Porter suggested that for an organization to be successful and obtain a competitive advantage they should follow either one of three generic strategies of Cost leadership, Differentiation or have Niche strategies. Cost Leadership is based on the principle of maintaining lowest costs in terms of manufacturing, marketing and distribution and passing on the benefits to the customer and garnering market share due to offering the lowest price. However this strategy is vulnerable to even slight increases in the cost structure. Having a Niche Strategy means catering to a specified product segment with a specialized product. However, having a very focused marketing mix makes it vulnerable to cope with sudden changes in customer trends. Product differentiation is a strategy that induces the customer to pay a little more for the same product category due to a perceived value by the consumer who is convinced to pay a little more for quality. Chanel markets itself as a premium brand and has an invaluable brand image that has placed the brand in the high echelons of the fashion industry. This has created a prestigious brand value to it and coupled with its famous quilted fabric that doe not rip or tear ea sily, has allowed it to claim expensive price tags for its products. The Appeal of the "Little Black Dress" Chanel operates in the fashion and designer clothing industry. The introduction of the "Little Black Dress" was an extraordinary step for Chanel on the road of success. It still occupies an envious position of being credited as a "wardrobe staple" to this day. The design school advocates simple formulated design, that is simple as it is explicit, arrived at after consideration of all the forces in the environment both internal and external. It also offers a prominence of the "architect" role to the CEO that Chanel played with aplomb when formulating designs. Inspiration derived from the ability to read consumer preferences and developing a product that would cater to

Case study Human Social Behavior

Case study Human Social Behavior Introduction- This article is about the human behavior and the various factors which affects the human behavior. One of the factors that have a great impact on the behavior of human is the social environment and here all types of sociological effects are discussed. Various individual environmental factors and their impact on behavior are also discussed here. Inheritances also affects the human behavior and in this article two types of inheritances are discussed and that are cultural and the genetic inheritances. Nature and nurture both has impacts on the development of humans and nurture has some of the effects on behavior of humans. In the end of the article there is a detail discussion about the evolutionary thinking and the factors like psychological and the biological which changes the human behavior Body 1-7 Behavior of the human being decides the overall personality and this behavior of human are influenced by many factors like cultural, economic, and sociological. Human behavior is influenced by the most discussed effect that is the sociological effect. The most complex society of any creature on earth is of humans and it means self-preservation beyond the level of persona; physical survival is extended by us. Humans live in a very typical society in which there is bonding between the groups for the purpose of mutual and protection. Families, friendships, associations etc are included in these groups. Due to the formation of society and humans social links increases the bond between different people which is a human behavior. One of the bad behavior that every human being have is of greed and this behavior of human finishes them completely but due to society and links with different families and groups decreases the human greed of money or anything else. Due to increase of population a nd the urbanization, the people have started neglecting the social relationship and everyone is giving importance to the money rather than social relationship and behavior. Because of this, the rate of crime and deviant behavior of humans are found in cities. All these sociological effects have impacts on the behavior of the human beings and the social environment plays an important role in the development of the child which includes the attainment of full genetic and human potential. (Conklin, 2004) The biological and the psychological changes occurring in the human beings are basically during time period from birth and the end of adolescence. Genetic factors are the factors which are related to the genes of the child and also refer to the changes that occur at every point in growth. Social environment plays a very important role in the development of child and a new born baby do not experience any fear to contact with any specific people but after the time period of 8-12 months there is a change in them and they start to prefer the people who are familiar and also start showing the feelings like anxiety and distress when they are separated from their family members. Social environment helps the child to understand the social rules in the period of preschool and adulthood. The time period of middle childhood have the characteristics of friendship with age mates and also the beginning of romantic love. Another social effect on the child development is of bonding between the diffe rent groups of people and the idea of maintaining social relations develops in the child which helps him/her lifelong. There are various processes which are controlled genetically and they are known as maturation. Maturation is related to the mental and the physical development of the child and a child is said to be matured when he/she becomes capable of taking their own decisions and are well aware of the things which are good or bad for them. According to the some doctors and live examples it is seen that usually maturity comes at the age of 18 and the main thing to consider here is that is maturity comes from the social environment. All the social factors like relationship in society, working in society etc, helps in the attainment of complete genetic and the potential of human. But along with social environment there are factors which are known as individual environmental that affect the social behavior of human. There are various individual environmental factors that affect the human social behavior but the two most important environmental factors are physical environment and family environment factors. Physical environment: For child the physical environment includes the school environment and this environment includes the size of school and the size of classroom. The children who are more popular and rich normally enjoy high status and the popular children have the well developed role-taking skills. There are some people who are anxious and low in self esteem withdraw their contacts and which results in the bad impact on social relations. For example the children in school or college who are very aggressive prefer the normal children as their friend. (Steen, 2001) Family environment: The most important environmental factor and the socializing institution is family. With the birth of the child the parents starts taking care of his physical circumstance well being and not only the well being but also bring them up, educate them and this prepares them to contribute to the society. Parents have also influence on the aggression of their child and control on the aggression by parents helps the society to grow very much. So these two individual environmental factors affect the human social behavior. Inheritances also play important role like the cultural inheritance have more effects in comparison to the genetic inheritance and such cultural transmittance affects the development and behavior of human beings. There are two types of inheritances and they are cultural inheritance and the other one is genetic inheritance. The storage and communication of information, imitation and teaching refers to the cultural inheritance. The cultural inheritance is transmitted by brains where as the inheritance based on the genetic is known as genetic inheritance and these are not transmitted by brains and by genes. The genes involved in the cultural inheritance prepare the structure of brain where as in genetic inheritance all the things depends on genes. The latest stage which involves in the evolution of heredity is considered as cultural inheritance. There is a complete mechanism for the genetic inheritance and this mechanism give rise to the cultural inheritance. So cultural inheritance is better more important than the genetic because genetic behavior is permanent and there is no work of brain in this but in cultural every work is solved by brains which are transmitted by brain and this is not perm anent. The cultural transmittance affects the development as it helps in setting the mind and it gives the comparison between the good and worse. The behavior of human being like greed is also removed by cultural transmittance because this type of behavior of any person is not accepted by the culture and which results in the perfect growth and development of the human beings. But the most important factor which influences the growth and development of individual is the family environment. Discussions about the nurture and nature are also necessary for the human behavior. (Lerner, 2002) Both nature and nurture have great effects on the development of humans but here are some of the effects of nurture. Affect of nurture on the development of the individual means the factors which are environmental present around the individual which includes growing of the person and development on many levels. There are many factors included in the nurture and they are effect of family, schools, culture, media, society etc. Nurture has great effects on the development of a child and mostly on the students. The most important factor that affects greatly is the family atmosphere and the influence of family can make an individual perfect but the bad family atmosphere can ruin the life of the individual also. Most of the influences of the families are on career development of an individual which is more than the influence of school, work etc. For the college students like us who are given the great responsibility of decision making at the time of growing up and must be able to choose ea sily and get the job very easily. Members of the family help in making the atmosphere healthy by making it helpful and socially fit. It is because of family that that helps individuals to make social relations and helps in increasing their feelings towards everyone. As the technological resources are more with families as compared to students, family is considered for the support of the individual in career. (McCall, 2009) According to my survey majority is in favor of the change seen in the behavior while personally experiencing the world outside. It is the view of the most of the persons who interacted with the other people that this experience changed their attitude. Mostly the human behavior is affected by the nature of the human and a drastic change is seen in the ancient and the modern human behavior. The most important thing to know about human is nature and its influences on growth and functioning. Nature of an individual is the only thing which can give the idea that what kind of person heshe is. For example, if a person has honest and friendly nature then heshe will get every possible help during their bad time from their friends and family members. On the other hand if the person has a greedy or selfish nature then no one will like to help him and no one will like him as a friend. Person with good nature behaves in different manner and person with bad nature behaves in other manner. (Wormer, 2010) There are large number of differences between the ancient and the modern behaviors of humans. The modern human behavior is found in the type of language, religion, art, music, cooking etc. Due to the advancement in every field whether it is cultural, economic, political etc, the human behavior has also changed a lot. The people in the ancient times had so much social relations and they worked together in such a way that they had no selfishness and no greed of money. People in ancient times didnt even think of harming the others but the modern people dont even think about others and just think about themselves and how to make more and more money. According to the recent survey it was found that the modern people have 50% less social relations than ancient people. Modern people are harsh towards each other and they dont even think before giving harm to anyone. From all these points we can conclude that the behavior of modern people has changed a lot in comparison to ancient people. Alo ng with the nature evolutionary thinking also affects the behavior of humans and some other factors like socio-biological factors and psychological factors also contributes to it. Evolutionary thinking is the thinking which is based on the change in the inherited traits of the population of human beings through the successive generations and this change is the result of interaction between the processes that brings variations in the population. One of the greatest strength of this type of thinking is that it always helps in answering why question style in a fashion which can be scientific and non-metaphysical. Evolutionary thinking has great effects on the behavior of humans and it makes the person to take the decisions with great knowledge and matures that individual. Reflection of evolutionary thinking about health is the concept of natural healing. In this the psychological are also discussed and these factors are those factors that develops as the defense mechanisms and these factors are created when there are changes in the family environment of an individual and that includes restrictive, abusive and creating feelings of fear in the individuals. These fa ctors have a great impact on the behavior of human like the individual who faces all these problems become lonely and makes their behavior of cheating anyone etc. Socio-biological factors are the factors that mean the biological behavior for all social behavior. These factors are the biological or generic factors and they are operative in mate selection. This factor changes the behavior of human and makes their behavior common and mature. These are the relation between the evolutionary thinking and its effect on human behavior. (Hume, 2010) Result of Questionnaire- 1= Strongly Agree, 2= Agree, 3= Neutral, 4= Disagree, 5= Strongly Disagree. Questionnaire Results: 1 2 3 4 5 1. There is a change seen in your behavior while personally experiencing the world outside. 6 11 5 3 2. You gain skills or abilities while interacting with other people on your way. 10 11 1 3 3. Has this experience changed or affected your attitude. 10 10 4 1 4. There is improvement in your ambitions and knowledge. 11 9 3 1 1 5. There is any leadership qualities observed through your past experience. 4 9 11 1 6. There has been personality development in your behavior through experience. 7 13 3 1 1 7. There is any distraction seen in the focus and the concentration on work. 1 12 9 2 1 8. There has been adoption of ideas of different things that motivate you. 6 10 6 3 9. There is any goal set to achieve your target. 8 12 3 2 10. There is some learning attitude developed in you to understand the things better through your past experiences. 8 13 4 Conclusion- So as to conclude with the whole article we have created many of the bodies in order to throw light on the issue of the human social behavior which has influenced many of the social issues which are discussed. There is much importance of the social environment which is created in the development of the child which includes the achievement of the genetic and human potential. The Human behavior is changing with the increasing factors in the world where environmental factors of an individual also affect the behavior of a human being. There are discussions carried out to make the full description of the human social behavior and challenges which are faced by the company due to various kinds of human social behavior. We have defined the Human social behavior as the population which behaves influenced by the emotions, cultures, ethics, rapport and hypnosis which falls within a range of some behavior and some outside acceptable limits. There are various human natures provided which has adverse effect on the human behavior and many of the theories are mentioned in order to prove and justify the human behavior as changed. There is change in thinking which has been found in many of the humans that has greatly affected the human social behavior and attitude towards the other people and the other factors such as socio-biological; psychological factors also come into affect at the same time.

The Dark Side of Sylvia Plaths Poetry :: Biography Biographies Essays

The Dark Side of Sylvia Plath's Poetry      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   bell jar- (bà ªl jà ¤r) n. a cylindrical glass vessel with a rounded top and an   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   open base, used to protect and display fragile objects or to establish a   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   vacuum or a controlled atmosphere in scientific experiments (mish 105).      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   instead of starting with plath's poetry I decided to start off with her only novel, the bel jar. "the bell jar is a novel about the events of sylvia plath's twentieth year; about how she tried to die, and how they stuck her together with glue. it is a fine novel, as bitter and remorseless as her last poems--the kind of book salinger's franny might have written about herself ten years later, if she had spent those ten years in hell" (scholes). i want to explain the imagery in the title of plath's autobiography. i stated the definition earlier. a bell jar is basically like a regular jar that has been turned upside down. it is glass and transparent. unlike a jar, a bell jar is often used to display something fragile. in her novel, plath was fragile and her bell jar was her environment. in her novel she spent five weeks in a mental institution. there, she was on display to many counselors, nurses, physicians, psychiatrists, and psychologists. they watched Pplath regain s tability from the day of her arrival to the day of her dismissal. also, "controlled atmosphere" can be seen as the environment of the institute.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   now on to the poetry of sylvia plath. just a little note... before i read her work i thought poetry sucked. anyway, in the poem "lady lazarus" plath speaks of her own suicide and she even takes some pride in her knowledge of death. in a reading prepared for bbc radio, plath introduced this poem: "the speaker is a woman who has the great and terrible gift of being reborn. the only trouble is, she has to die first. she is the phoenix, the libertarian spirit, what you will. she is also just a good, plain, very resourceful woman" (Plath 294).      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   i have done it again.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   one year in every ten   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   i manage it--      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   a sort of walking miracle, my skin   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   bright as a Nazi lampshade,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   my right foot      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   a paperweight, The Dark Side of Sylvia Plath's Poetry :: Biography Biographies Essays The Dark Side of Sylvia Plath's Poetry      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   bell jar- (bà ªl jà ¤r) n. a cylindrical glass vessel with a rounded top and an   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   open base, used to protect and display fragile objects or to establish a   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   vacuum or a controlled atmosphere in scientific experiments (mish 105).      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   instead of starting with plath's poetry I decided to start off with her only novel, the bel jar. "the bell jar is a novel about the events of sylvia plath's twentieth year; about how she tried to die, and how they stuck her together with glue. it is a fine novel, as bitter and remorseless as her last poems--the kind of book salinger's franny might have written about herself ten years later, if she had spent those ten years in hell" (scholes). i want to explain the imagery in the title of plath's autobiography. i stated the definition earlier. a bell jar is basically like a regular jar that has been turned upside down. it is glass and transparent. unlike a jar, a bell jar is often used to display something fragile. in her novel, plath was fragile and her bell jar was her environment. in her novel she spent five weeks in a mental institution. there, she was on display to many counselors, nurses, physicians, psychiatrists, and psychologists. they watched Pplath regain s tability from the day of her arrival to the day of her dismissal. also, "controlled atmosphere" can be seen as the environment of the institute.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   now on to the poetry of sylvia plath. just a little note... before i read her work i thought poetry sucked. anyway, in the poem "lady lazarus" plath speaks of her own suicide and she even takes some pride in her knowledge of death. in a reading prepared for bbc radio, plath introduced this poem: "the speaker is a woman who has the great and terrible gift of being reborn. the only trouble is, she has to die first. she is the phoenix, the libertarian spirit, what you will. she is also just a good, plain, very resourceful woman" (Plath 294).      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   i have done it again.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   one year in every ten   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   i manage it--      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   a sort of walking miracle, my skin   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   bright as a Nazi lampshade,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   my right foot      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   a paperweight,

Lies the Media Tells Us Chapter 3 Big Pharma

Going to the doctor’s office is never a fun experience. Probing, poking, and trying to decipher what the doc writes on your prescription can be confusing, however, the most upsetting part is what goes on behind closed doors. Big Pharma, chapter 3 of Lies the Media Tells Us, explains the PR tactics of drug companies. James Winter explains these tactics used to persuade doctors to use their brand. In some cases these doctors can get free vacations, cars, front row seating for a basketball game, and a stack of cash. The doctors that respond to these tactics are completely unethical. Doctors have the responsibility to prescribe the best drugs for their patients. Although many Doctors pick what gives the best gift package. Doctors have also been known to push drugs onto patients that may not really need it. This is due to the continual widening of guidelines. This widening is increasing proportions of the population so there are more candidates that fit into the category. This is when a condition gets called a disease. The best case scenario of this is Viagra. Viagra is for male sexual deficiency that has been shoved down America’s throat. There were many discrete commercials about it during day time air and more explicit commercials at night. There were also several celebrity endorsements, Hugh Hefner was glorified for being a user. What drug companies aim for are life-long medication users. These candidates are a gold mine for companies because they have created a dependency for the drug. Another highly publicized â€Å"disease† is high cholesterol. The Pfizer drug company has pushed their cholesterol pills for a decade now and all the marketing has worked. However, what they don’t tell you is that these pills run the risk of having more side effects than lowering cholesterol. By law these commercials need to state the side effects but when your being prescribed most doctors don’t dwell on these facts. This is wrong when there are better natural forms available. Although Doctors rarely discuss this with patients because these natural forms are very cheap or in some cases completely free. A healthy diet, naps, and some exercise are all examples of ways to lower cholesterol without taking prescribed pills. The push to take pills to help medical problems has completely consumed our country. In my opinion I feel that this correlates with the rise of plastic surgery. The easy way out is very popular among all ages because the time and effort that exercise or healthy diets needs is not necessary when pills and plastic surgery are in reach. These pharmaceutical companies adore patients that take their medicine and don’t ask questions. But what happens to the people that do? Not all doctors are shady and unethical. Nancy Olivieri and Dr. David Healy are true whistleblowers. Both have tried to get the medias attention to worn the public about unsafe drugs. Unfortunately, their good deed put them through heavy backlash and court cases. Olivieri and Healy saw their colleagues turn their backs on them and were fired. This is a tough price to pay when they were trying to do the right thing. Pharmaceutical companies can get away with all of this because they have the money. They pay off whistleblowers, they perform under the table deals with doctors, have multi-million dollar campaign ads for their drugs, and have celebrity endorsers. Although these tactics are very unethical there is one more that upset me the most. This is ghostwriting. Ghostwriting is a doctor that works for the drug company and writes an article for a drug that gets published in a medical journal. Lots of doctors write for medical journals but what separates them is their lack of honesty. These ghostwriters don’t say their affiliated with the pharmaceutical and praise the drug that the company wants to endorse. When these companies get articles published about their drug its free advertising. So when other doctors read the article their actually looking at an advertisement but they don’t know it. These medical journals are supposed to be unbiased and legitimate. This is undermining why these medical journals are published and taken so seriously. In my opinion this is the worst thing a pharmaceutical company can do. PR is a huge branch within the pharmaceutical company and they all have about the same strategies when a drug scandal breaks. I feel that this is crucial to why these companies have gotten away with so much. Their first tactic is denial. Like a child they deny everything and have accused the media of sensationalism and attack their accuracy of reporting. If the scandal doesn’t dissipate after they have three different options. First they could shutdown, this consists of claiming their is a conspiracy. Second option is an extrication which is hiring high priced lawyers to find an escape route or third which is purging. Purging is very interesting because they basically pick an employee in their own company, pay them to take the rap, and then tell everyone it was the employees fault. Most of the time they try to get someone that is going to retire; I guess everyone has a price. The last option of the pharm co. is the most used. This is the compensation tactic. The drug company offers the plaintiff a large settlement as long as the plaintiff agrees there was no malpractice. This corrupt business isn’t that big of a shock. Where ever their is a lot of money there is usually some unethical practices. However, I feel that their money has way too much control. Their funds are practically endless and they will come up with any lie to make more money. After reading this chapter I thought about Obama’s healthcare reform. I think the reason why their is so much backlash is because the pharmaceutical companies are scared about the future and if they will be able to keep these shenanigans going. I like the idea of Obama’s healthcare but I know that these companies will weasel their unethical views into it. Honestly, I don’t think there is anyway to stop this unless everyone working for these companies is fired and it is started back up from scratch.

Drink Business Plan Essay

The following marketing plan forms the basis for the introduction of an innovative new product by the Coca-Cola Company. The analysis allows us to outline the best strategies to follow for the achievement of the company’s strategic goals. â€Å"Bubble Buzz† will be marketed as a unique functional drink while striving to reinforce the company’s status as the leader in innovation and successful product launches. The marketing strategies will enable to reach a market size of an estimated 8,688,300 people (targeted) with a forecasted sales growth prospect of 7. 3% over the next 4 years ($243,029. 47 profits), while satisfying the needs of the still-unserved market for ready-to-drink bubble tea. Success will be reflected by a sizeable capture of market shares within this market, while strategically carrying the company up to the top spot as the market leader in the functional drinks segment of soft drinks. Export potential will be considered in China. [pic] Brief description of the company The Coca-Cola Company’s core undertaking is to benefit and refresh everyone it reaches. Founded in 1886, we are the world’s leading manufacturer, marketer, and distributor of non-alcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups, which are used to produce nearly 400 beverage brands that make up for our wide portfolio. Our corporate headquarters are established in Atlanta, and we are holding local operations in over 200 countries around the world. Our activities cover all sectors of the beverage industry. We are the second leading player in functional and Asian specialty drinks, while ranking number one in value for the ready-to-drink tea sector (ref. 1, p. 1). Brief description of the new product, & strategic role in the future position of the company â€Å"Bubble Buzz† will be a bottled beverage and will be positioned as the only ready-to-drink Bubble Tea product available on the market. The beverage will have a green tea base with enhanced fruit flavors (passion fruit, strawberry and lime) as well as tapioca pearls. It will bring an entirely unique drinking experience to its consumers. It will present itself as a funky and unusual alternative to traditional tea while providing the great taste of authentic fruit juice in an attractive and convenient packaging. The strategic role of Bubble Buzz for The Coca-Cola Company is centered around three objectives: †¢ To stay at the forefront as the market leader in innovative product introductions and successful product launches; †¢ To strengthen and satisfy the needs of the more adventurous Generation Y consumers with a new eye-catching and FUNctional product; †¢ To become the market leader in the functional drinks segment with increased market shares. [pic] INDUSTRY ANALYSIS Consumption: The sales volume for the functional drinks segment (ref. D2) in Canada has reached $342. 2 millions in 2004 for a volume of 125. 9 million liters (ref. 2). This product segment has shown a steady growth since 1999: an increase of 13. 5% over a period of 6 years (Appendix A). The consumption rate per capita in 2004 has reached 3. 94 liters, which represents a 4. 0% increase compared to 1999 (ref. 3). The growth of this particular market is largely due to a slow shift in consumer trends. Trends: Through the early 1960s, soft drinks were synonymous with â€Å"colas† in the mind of consumers. In the 1980s and 1990s, however, other beverages (from bottled water to tea) became more popular. Coca-Cola and Pepsi responded by expanding their offerings through alliances (e. g. Coke & Nestea) and acquisitions (e. g. Coke & Minute Maid), but also by focusing efforts on portfolio diversification. Today, while the soft drink industry’s value has increased in 2004, the volume sales of carbonated soft drinks has declined due to a large proportion of consumers who are opting for the trend towards healthier alternatives in the functional drink segment (energy drinks, smoothies, milk & juice drinks, sports drinks) as well as bottled juices and water (ref. 5). Companies have been actively engaged in new product developments in order to counter the growing concerns about negative health impacts of high-fructose drinks, but also to increase the demand in a market where product offerings are quickly maturing (ref. 4). New flavor introductions and health-conscious formulations have been launched in an attempt to offset the decline in carbonated soft drink sales (ref. 6). The functional market is expected to show sustained growth and consumer interest in the future years as consumption shifts to trendier, healthier and more sophisticated products (ref.7). Profitability & future growth potential: In 1993, Concentrate Producers earned 29% pretax profits on their sales, while bottlers earned 9% profits on their sales, for a total industry profitability of 14%. While the functional drinks sector only accounts for 3. 7% of the total soft drinks sales in 2004 (Appendix B), estimates are forecasting a growth of 7. 3% in sales and 11. 0% in volume consumption by 2009 (ref. 4). SWOT ANALYSIS (Strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats) |Strengths |Weaknesses | |Brand strength |Reliant upon line extensions | |Effective stride in new markets |Reliant upon particular carbonated drinks | |Results of operations |Brand dilution | |Strong existing distribution channels |Entrance into difficult non-core categories | | |Saturation of carbonated soft drink segment | |Opportunities |Threats | |New product introductions |Strong competition | |Brand is attractive to global partners |Potential health issues | | |Free trade | Explanations in APPENDIX C COMPETITION Coca-Cola’s top competitors for the soft drinks industry are PepsiCo (31. 6%) and Cadbury-Schweppes (15. 8% of market), which combined, represent about 48% of the total market (ref. 9). Coca-Cola is leading with 43. 7% of the total soft drinks market. In the functional drinks sector, PepsiCo is the current market leader with 60. 5% of the market shares in 2004. Coca-Cola Co is second with 32. 8% (ref. 2, see Appendix D1). Bubble Buzz will launch into a currently unserved subset of that market (RTD â€Å"Ready-To-Drink† Bubble Tea), which is until now unexisting. It is anticipated that the following brands could potentially compete with Bubble Buzz in the functional drinks market: Brisk, Lipton Iced Tea, Sobe (owned by PepsiCo), as well as Snapple’s and Hawaiian Punch (owned by Cadbury/Schweppes). Bubble Buzz also creates a potential situation for cannibalism with Coca-Cola’s very own brands of iced tea and other functional drinks. The current market for traditional Bubble Tea is fragmented, since the distribution is restricted to local outlets and selling points such as counters and small Bubble Tea shops in scattered locations across Canada. However, direct competition from these local players is not anticipated, since the marketing roll-out will initially emphasize on product awareness and both sales channels do not reach or serve the same market (retailing vs. counter/restoration). A strong distribution system already exists with Coca-Cola, since partnerships and channels are already in place. This will facilitate the product’s reach into its target market. Further data concerning competing market shares and distribution channels are available in Appendix D(1-3). Barriers to entry: |Business practices |Manufacturing | |Due to the number of competitors, it will be hard to prevent |Producing bottled Bubble Tea requires sizeable capital | |imitation behaviour (especially from PepsiCo) |investments for the specific needs of the manufacturing chain | | Risk of competing with emerging private labels (e.g. President’s|(from ingredients to final packaging specifications) | |Choice) |The marketing campaign to make this unknown brand popular | |Given the wide array of brands (saturation in the soft drink |requires more promotional expenditures than a traditional brand | |market), it becomes a challenge for Bubble Buzz to stand out |extension | TARGET MARKET. Segment identification: RTD (Ready-to-drink) bottled Bubble Tea, to be established within the Functional Drinks sector Segment needs: The product will cater to both physiological needs (hydrating and nutritional value) and social needs (perception of a social, fun drink with a sense of belonging within peer consumer groups) † (ref. 11, p. 127). Segment trends: The current trends include a shift away from junk foods and carbonated drinks, a growing interest for healthier / beneficial products for the â€Å"mind and body† (ref.10), the trend towards the availability of on-the-go products for those with an active lifestyle, as well as the trend for personalization through customization (or for beverages, through variety-seeking in a wide introduction of flavours † ref. 6). Segment growth potential: Statistical reports anticipate a segment growth of 1. 72% over the next 9 years (2015) for the 10-29 years old subsets (ref. 12). Refer to Appendix E. Size of the segment (population): 8,688,300 (329,600 L). Refer to Appendix E. |Segmentation variables and breakdowns for Canadian consumer market of Bubble Tea | |MAIN DIMENSIONS |VARIABLES |BREAKDOWNS | | |Region |Nationwide (all provinces and territories) with emphasis on urban / metropolitan areas, and| | | |adapted strategies for all geographical groups | | |Area size |5000-19,999 to 4,000,000+ | | |Density |Urban, suburban | | |Climate |All (East, West) | | |Age |10-29 years old (teenagers, studying age and young adults) | | |Gender |Male and Female | | |Income |All under $30,000 | | |Occupation |Students; new graduated; new workers; young professionals | | |Education |Elementary 4th grade, High school, CEGEP and University | | |Race |All: Asian, Black, White, Native; other; with adapted strategy for Asian consumers already | | | |familiar with Bubble Tea | | |Home ownership |Renting apartment/condo, living with parents | | | |(Highly discretionary in personal spending) | | | Personality |Brand conscious, anchored in popular culture, inclined for differentiation and | | | |sophistication, very tolerant towards multiculturalism and internationalism (open-minded), | | | |quick maturation with modern products | | |Lifestyle |Most of them dependent on parents, no major responsibilities, highly influenced by peer | | | |groups, active life, importance of school, work and social life | | |Benefits sought |COMMUNICATION BENEFITS | | | |-Nutritional information | | | |-Informational text on history of product | | | |FUNCTIONAL BENEFITS | | | |-Healthier than soft drinks | | | |-Convenient, easy to take out | | | |PERCEPTUAL BENEFITS | | | |-Quality/Premium price | | | |-Social standing/good-looking | | | Usage rate |Seasonal (peak in summer), daily-basis, weekly basis | | |User status |Non-user, regular user (current user through existing bar-shops) | | |Loyalty status |None, medium, strong | Positioning strategy: The only RTD bottled bubble tea available. Funky & eye-catching bottle, functional packaging, premium-priced, cool, new and unusual, unique drinking experience, aspects of play (tapioca pearls, oversized colored straw), variety of flavors, sweet, refreshing, for hip & young people, healthier alternative to heavy-sugar drinks. CUSTOMER ANALYSIS Profile: Name: Bob Thomson Date of Birth: 25. 03. 85 Age: 20 Occupation: University Student Country: Canada Needs: Healthy lifestyle/Social belonging People: Roommate/Friends/Family Places: Clubs/Coffee shops/University/Gym Activities: Basketball Team Due to his active and quick-paced life, Bob wakes up at 6:30AM every morning. Today, he puts on his trendy Lacoste Polo and Diesel Jeans, and of course, he always has his Puma shoes on. After having called his friends with his new Samsung camera phone, he leaves his apartment and goes to his gym by metro, while listening to his favourite music that he downloaded to his iPod. Bob usually likes to work out before he has to head to University. That way, he feels he has more energy and feels ready to confront his busy day attending courses and getting things done. On his way to school, Bob knows he is thirsty and he feels the need for something very refreshing. He stops at a convenience store next to the gym. Standing in front of all the choices in the beverages aisle, one particular bottle catches his sight. And he instantly recognizes the brand. He knows that this is a bottle of Bubble Buzz, because not only does his other friends often drink it, but he also heard them talk about this brand new product that Coca-Cola just launched. He also previously saw Bubble Buzz ads when he surfed on his favourite websites. He grabs a bottle, and takes a closer look at the nutritive information label. He is very pleased to see that the new drink is more nutritive and definitely healthier than the other soft drinks that were available on the shelves next to it. The higher price of the product doesn’t bother him, since he perceives â€Å"Bubble Buzz† as a high-quality, functional product, which is manufactured by a well renowned company. Plus, he did not feel like simply buying bottled water, or carbonated soft drinks. Because of his inclination towards more sophisticated tastes, and because he likes to try new products on his own, he thinks this bottle is worth the price. Because of his busy schedule, Bob prefers to save time as much as he can. Thus, he decides to buy two bottles. One to quench his immediate thirst, and another one that he wants to save for later in the day. He sees that the packaging is so convenient and easy to carry, and so when he exits the store, he puts the second bottle in his backpack. He attends all of his classes. During his break, he always hangs out with his friends. A lot of them are drinking from different â€Å"Bubble Buzz† flavours. He opens his second bottle, since he had such a great experience with the first one. He liked that the beverage was so unusual, yet refreshing. The drink surpassed many of his expectations. He has no doubt about it. Bob will continue to buy Bubble Buzz for its good taste, and also because at his age, he sees it is the coolest trend right now. [pic] Based on the aforementioned analysis, Bubble Buzz appears to be a profitable and innovative product with a strong outlook for market share presence and segment growth opportunity. Upon implementation of the marketing plan, the Coca-Cola Company will regain increased market shares and claim its targeted situational position of market leader in the functional drinks segment as well as keeping its long-standing consumer recognition for innovative and successful product launches in diversified markets. Projected profits will be $243,029. 47 (see financial projections). Marketing Plan Part 2: Marketing Strategy [pic] The objectives of the marketing plan are strategically centered around 3 criteria: to create a strong consumer awareness towards a completely new bubble tea product from Coca-Cola, to establish a wide brand recognition through the capture of market shares in the functional drinks segment, and to become the top market leader in that particular segment within the forecasted sales figures. [pic] PRODUCT STRATEGY The core o Bubble Tea beverage in a pre-bottled, ready-to-drink format. The actual product o Packaging and labeling: see figure below o Branding: colorful, aspect of play, round shaped, prominent Bubble Buzz logo written in modern font, catchphrases such as â€Å"Think outside the Bubble† and â€Å"Get Your Buzz†. o Trade name: Bubble Buzzâ„ ¢, a Coca-Cola product o Brand personality: energy, funky, cool, functional, original, funny, healthy, etc. o Brand equity: Coca-Cola provides a quality, consistent, innovative and accessible soft drink reputation. Augmented product o Nutritional information, Status (social drink), Features promoting the website, Health benefit of a green tea base (ref. 17) Marketing considerations o Product life cycle: Bubble Buzz is a low-learning product. With a strong marketing campaign, â€Å"sales [will] begin immediately and the benefits of the purchase are readily understood† (ref. 11, p. 301). Since Bubble Buzz is prone to product imitation, Coca-Cola’s strategy is to broaden distribution quickly, which is currently feasible thanks to the company’s high manufacturing capacity. o Product class: Food & beverage ( Soft Drinks ( Functional Drinks (refer to Appendix D2 for a break-down of the functional drinks market). o Bubble Buzz follows the practice of product modification (ref. 11, p. 304): Coca-Cola is introducing an existing beverage (bubble tea) but redefines the drink with a new, more convenient package. Bubble Tea will now become a widely available drink in multiple retailing (distribution) channels. [pic] PRICE STRATEGY The price strategy that will be undertaken should consider the following aspects: 1. Consumer demand 2. The product lifecycle 3. Potential substitutes Customer demand. Customer demand is a crucial factor which is driven by tastes, income and availability of others similar products at a different price (mentioned later in the potential substitutes section). For a lot of consumers, value and price are highly related: ‘’the higher the price, the higher the value’’. Consequently, Coca-Cola’s intention to position Bubble Buzz as a unique, innovative and attractive product gives it a certain control over Bubble Buzz price. To be able to implement higher pricing though, the minimization of the non-monetary costs to customers should also be include along with awareness of the product (notably by advertising) and value (benefits) . The product lifecycle. The company should take advantage also to the fact that the newer the product and the earlier in its lifecycle the higher the price can usually be. It ensures a high profit margin as the early adopters buy the product and the firm seeks to recoup development costs quickly and it also brings a certain prestige to the product. Potential substitutes Coca-Cola is constrained by the monopolistic market in which it competes. The main characteristic however is product differentiation. Other constraints (See Appendix M) PROMOTION STRATEGY Objectives: †¢ To initiate strong awareness about the launch of Bubble Buzz throughout Generation Y (10-29 years old) consumers as well as their parents. †¢ To win market shares over our top functional drinks competitor, PepsiCo. Message: The promotional outputs will convey the clear message that â€Å"Bubble Buzz is a healthy drink for sporty and young people who simply enjoy taking care of their body and life. † Concepts: †¢ â€Å"Think outside the bubble†: Be Bold, Be Original, Be Different, Be Yourself. †¢ â€Å"A good spirit in a good body. † †¢ â€Å"For the out-of-the-ordinary individuals who like to challenge themselves. † Media selection: Before choosing the appropriate medias, it is important to note that Generation Y consumers only give partial attention to media. However, they can be reached through integrated programs. They are typically using more than one communication media at a time; a behaviour that is often called â€Å"multitasking†. This group of consumers doesn’t give its full attention to one single message, but rather uses continuous partial attention to scan the media. Marketers can still communicate with Generation Y by using a variety of targeted promotional tools. Another important tactic to reach our target market is through â€Å"Viral† or â€Å"Buzz† marketing, which Coca-Cola will heavily use in this campaign (campus, contests). Advertising: Refer to APPENDIX H for detailed explanations |Output |Examples | |Television |MTV, Much Music, VrakTV, YTV | |Radio |MIX96, CKOI 96. 9, 94. 7 FM, Universities | |Magazines |For girls: Cosmo, Elle | | |For boys: Sports Illustrated (or Kids edition) | |Internet |Banners on select websites (gaming, sports, etc. ) | | |Official promotional website: www. BubbleBuzz. ca | |Outdoors |Billboards and prints in select areas including: | | |Campuses, transportation (bus, metro, stations) | | |Tourist areas in high seasonal periods | | |Outskirts of key cities in geographical reach | | Others |Not relevant | |Personal selling |Direct contact with retailers, sales kit strategies to be explained later in the | | |text. | |Public relations |Stands or special displays and events in schools, malls, sports events (i. e. 2008 | | |Beijing Summer Olympic Games), sponsorship activities | |Publicity |Conferences, press releases (print and online), buzz marketing through TV coverage | Promotional Mix: Consumer oriented: †¢ Contests: â€Å"Win another Bubble Buzz flavour†, â€Å"Uncover a secret code underneath the bottle cap and win sporting goods and electronics by logging on the website†, â€Å"Win a trip for the 2008 Olympics in Beijing†. (Arguments: It will increase consumer purchases and encourage consumer involvement with the product). †¢ Samples: distributed in supermarkets, school/universities. Samples are a way to avoid product resistance since people are not used to find bubbles in their drinks. Arguments: It will encourage new product purchases and it represents low risk for consumers since they get it for free. They have nothing to loose by trying it. †¢ Point-of-purchase: in supermarkets (to reach the parents of generation Y). Arguments: It is also a mean to increase product trial and provides a good product visibility. †¢ Others: In subsequent years, engage in product placement in TV shows or movies. Trade oriented: †¢ Allowances and discounts: case allowance (Arguments: The â€Å"free goods† approach will be used so it can encourage retailers to buy more of the product to get a certain amount for free). †¢ Cooperative advertising: to encourage retailers to buy our product and to maintain our high level of advertisement that consumers expect from Coca-Cola. Other considerations: †¢ Scheduling of the advertising: Pulse scheduling (promotional presence year-round, but emphasized and intensified before and during summer). †¢ IMC (integrated marketing communication) Target Audience: †¢ Intermediary: personal selling will be more often used. †¢ Ultimate consumer: Coca-Cola will use more of mass media because the amount of potential buyers is large. PLACE (DISTRIBUTION STRATEGY) Bubble Buzz will be distributed through these channels: supermarkets, convenience stores, independent food stores, discount stores, multiple grocers, vending machines, direct sales. [pic] |Projected Financial Performance | |Revenues |$ 597,124. 00 |Based on sales @ different channel’s price | |COGS |214,964. 64 |Based on weighted average percentage in past data | |C. M. |382,159. 36 |Revenues – COGS | |Fixed Costs : | | | |SG&A cost : |113,453. 56 |Half of the O/H costs estimated, based on past data | |Capital expenditures : |25,676. 33 |4. 3% of revenue, based on past data | |Profits |243,029. 47 |CM † SG&A † Capital expenditures | Requirement for success analysis: C. M. per bottle = 382,159. 36 / 328,000 = $1. 17 Break-even: (113,453. 56+25,676. 33) / 1. 17 = 118,914 (bottles) Market share: 118,914 / 1,000,000 = 11. 9% In one year, if Coca-cola can sell 118,914 bottles of Bubble Buzz, or in other words achieve 11. 9% of the functional drink market share, it will break even. After this point, every bottle Coca cola sells will generate average $1. 17 towards the profits. The potential profits can up to $1,030,770. 00[1] based on our target market. Expected Costs: COGS: $597,124 * 36% = $214,964. 64. O/H: $597,124* 38% = $226,907. 12 Expected Revenues (total) = $597,124 (refer to Appendix J) [pic] China is the target country we’re going to expand our product. Reasons: 1. With a total population of 1,313,015,000 in the end of 2005 and 327,714,000 in our target market (age 10 to 25 years old), compared with the total population of Canada—304,453 million, there definitely is a great potential worth to work on. 2. absolute expenditure on food and non-alcoholic beverages is expected to increase from 1,777 billion in 2005 to 2,154 billion in 2010 (though the proportion of consumer expenditure on this part is decreasing from 28. 39% to 25. 75% ) 3. Soft drinks industry is one of the fast growing industries in China, especially fruit/vegetable juice, RTD tea, and Asian speciality drinks and bottled water have shown a sharp increase during 1998 to 2003. 4. Bubble tea was originated in Taiwan. Soon after its introduction in China, it became one of the most popular beverages sold in tea stores on the streets due to the similar taste and similar cultural background. So, it is a good chance for us to enter into this market. 5. Since we are the top sponsor for the upcoming Beijing Olympic in 2008. With more opportunities to expose to the public, it is going to benefit our sale there. Our entry-strategy for entering China is through licensing. Reasons: 1. We have already provided licenses for manufacturing our products in China (licensing the bottlers and supply them with our syrup required for producing). Therefore, added in one or two more products in our production chain would not be that difficult. 2. It is relatively low risk when compared with direct investment there. It is low cost to export our new products there since we can maintain lower labour cost and lower material cost if we produce our products locally, especially in China. Changes to be made: 1. Price: Price sold in China is going to change to accommodate the local desire. As we set our price sold in Canada $2. 00. Compared to the price sold in the bubble tea store ($ 3. 50), it is about 57. 14%. So, with the information we gathered from the tea store in China[2], the price sold there would be 57. 14% of what sold in the tea store—$12 Yuen in China currency. Then, it would be around $7 Yuen, about CAD$1[3]. 2. Naming the product: In order to be recognized and accepted more easily for the local market, we need not only translate our product name but also make sure there’s not hidden unintended meaning that would damage our product. 3. Develop other flavours that would attract the local market: Since milk based bubble tea sell better in China, we will add in this product line. Also, we will avoid using too many artificial colors as they are not appreciated as much as in Canada. Moreover, people in China are becoming more and more health concerned, especially the amount of sugar and additives added in the drinks. We will make some changes in the ingredients used to appeal the local market, i. e. less sugary drinks. 4. Promotion: In contrast to the radio ads in Canada, we will use more TV and Web advertisement there due to the highly exposed environment in China. Also, we will put more emphasis on the ads on the public transportation such as underground/subway system and bus service due to the more frequent use of the public transport service there. Also, since the outdoor display screen is quite popular in big cities, we will also take advantage of it. [pic] [pic] APPENDIX A (ref. 2) [pic] APPENDIX B (ref. 4) [pic] APPENDIX C (ref. 1 & 8) STRENGHTS Brand strength (see Appendix F for brand rankings) The Coca-Cola Company is the largest manufacturer, distributor and marketer of nonalcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups in the world. The Coca-Cola brand is unarguably one of the most recognizable brands in the 200 countries where it sells its products. The strong brand name is one of the basis for the company’s competitive advantage on several of its core markets. Effective strides in new markets. Coca-Cola has partnered with several companies (such as the joint venture with Nestle) in order to increase the ability to react to demands and changes in the markets of iced tea, coffee and juices. The developing markets are more complex than the carbonated soft drinks. Results of operations In 2004, net-operating revenues totaled approximately $21. 9 billion, an 8% increase from 2002. Gross profit totaled $14. 3 billion in 2004. The company generated $5,968 million from its operating activities and re-invests heavily into its business. The ability to generate significant cash flows is one of the its key strengths (ref. 16). Strong existing distribution channels Coca-Cola has operations worldwide and is well established in its distribution channels (such as store retailers or vending machines). Therefore, a new product launch can typically rely on the existing distribution system in order to reach the majority of its target market while requiring no major supply / delivery developments. WEAKNESSES Relying upon line extensions Coca-Cola is relying on brand extensions increase sales in specific lines, particularly its long-time carbonated soft drink products (i. e. the introduction of Vanilla Coke helped maintain sales for the core Cola beverages). However, there is a strong risk of cannibalizing existing sales in the long term (for example, Bubble Tea might deter on sales for iced tea). Reliant upon particular carbonated drinks The long-time presence of Coca-Cola’s Coke beverage has established this particular line as a flagship product. While the core Coke products bring a solid base of sales and loyalty to the company, consumers’ expectations also become more and more anchored and single-lined, taking away freedom in the areas of line diversification and product modifications (taste, packaging, price). Brand dilution The tremendous amount of existing brands and new product being introduced by the company could diminish the value and differentiating strength of each product that is being manufactured. Entrance into difficult non-core categories The Coca-Cola Company is a truly global multinational business giant. While some categories of products are distributed in many areas of the globe (Coke, Powerade, etc. ), geographical needs already require that these global brands are heavily adapted to their target region. Furthermore, many smaller and diversified product lines are more or less popular in one particular region over another. Therefore, the process of diversifying the production and marketing each product involves costly investments. These capital requirements typically increase as the product becomes heavily focused (for example, since the Coca-Cola brand is highly recognizable worldwide, marketing a bottle of Coke in Japan would be less difficult than marketing a bottle of â€Å"Qoo† in that same country † â€Å"Qoo† being a lesser-known non-carbonated drink which was one of Coca-Cola’s newest brand introduction in 1999). Saturation of carbonated soft drink segment Due to the countless number of brands available on the market, it becomes increasingly difficult in the soft drinks segment to innovate and create new products that genuinely stand out from their competition. And as we have seen, an analysis of the industry has shown that growth in the soft drinks market becomes difficult and challenging when the conditions and consumer trends cause a market demand that stays stagnant. OPPORTUNITIES New product introductions The functional drinks market is one that particularly allows more innovation opportunities and gives greater freedom for creativity in the design, production, manufacturing, distribution, promotion and retailing choices and processes. Brand is attractive to global partners. Because of the company’s size (including value, brand name and operating revenues) and wide portfolio base, Coca-Cola enjoys a strong purchasing power over its suppliers, and also attracts large partnerships with various levels of consumer reach (e. g. Burger King, movie studio promotions, sponsorship agreements, etc. ). Existing brand awareness also provides an international playing field for powerful marketing strategies. THREATS Strong competition Coca-Cola is competing in a global market that is characterized by an oligopoly between several (but few in numbers) competitors. The fight for market shares and sales in crowded markets becomes a complex one. Potential health issues. The current trend of consumer and consumers groups’ awareness towards goods and services is both beneficial and threatening for companies in the food and beverages industry. Over the last few years, concerns over health issues have risen in the media through an expanded and ever-growing network of â€Å"knowledge outputs† (journals, TV channels, internet and so on). The move of the younger generation towards a healthier lifestyle call for careful planning and decision-making in new product developments. Large companies can also easily become the target of consumers’ apprehension.