Why Americans Do Not Vote

Why Americans Do Not Vote Why Americans Do Not Vote Americans will be going to the ballot in November this year to elect their next President. This occurs amid the backdrop of a decreasing number of people who become less interested in politics in general and voting in particular. This is not a new trend in American politics, it has been witnessed earlier and the reasons for this trend have continued to be dynamic even as America continues to develop as a nation. This paper discusses the reasons why many American citizens do note vote in whichever kind of election, as they are mandated by the Constitution. The right to vote was one of the reasons why Civil Right Movement was active in American society since its independence in 1776.Not everyone was allowed to vote and this angered the human rights groups who believed that, all men are created equal and therefore they should be allowed to vote. The demands were granted in 1965 by the passing of the Voting Rights Act of the same year. However, many Americans are now avoiding the voting centers forgetting that voting is not only a civil obligation but also a constitutional mandate. Statistics indicate that many people who do not vote are the youth who are under 30 years representing 40%, infrequent voters form 29% while frequent voters who may refrain from voting form 14%. From my observation, the level of education and marital status plays a crucial role in the voting pattern. Another factor that influences voting trend is race with whites forming 54% of a nonvoting group. Equally, the amount of wealth owned has also been of great importance with more rich people embracing voting than the poor people. In addition, statistics indicate that the national voting percentage has dropped from 63.1% in 1960 to 56.8% in 2008, with the lowest turnout in presidential election in 1996 that had 49.1% voters.This statistics are for presidential elections only. Local elections normally have lower voter turnout than presidential elections. The main reason that Americans cite for their discouragement in voting is lack of time to go to vote. Many Americans are too busy with their work on the day of voting. Additionally, many of them also indicate that they have lost interest in voting because, according to them, the rich will always have what they want any way through poll rigging and other dirty tricks that serve their own interests. Similarly, many voters are subjugating their voting rights because of disappointment in the previous candidates. Most Americans believe that a candidate, whether a democrat or republican, is voted because of their well articulated policies and promises. However, many of those who get into the offices have failed to deliver on their campaign promises and this frustrates the voters. Most candidates who make it to high offices sit over and watch as Americans continue to suffer from the increased taxes, dwindling standards of living, lack of health insurance, among many other social problems that bedevil the American society.Such voters refrain from voting believing that the process cannot help them to transform their lives since the candidate will not deliver on his or her promises. Conclusion In conclusion, there is a need for voters awareness programs to enable the voters to make good choice during the electoral process especially on the person they are voting in as their President. This will help the undecided voters who really do not know what they want for the American society. I believe that all Americans are obliged to participate in all voting processes as it is their constitutional right and those who abscond to perform their obligation should be prosecuted. Equally, the elected leaders should also be obliged to deliver to their promises.

Important Quotes from Night by Elie Wiesel

Important Quotes from Night by Elie Wiesel Night, by Elie Wiesel, is a work of Holocaust literature, with a decidedly autobiographical slant. Wiesel based the book- at least in part- on his own experiences during World War II. Through just a brief 116 pages, the book has received considerable acclaim, and the author won the Nobel Prize in 1986. The quotes below show the searing nature of the novel, as Wiesel tries to make sense of one of the worst human-made catastrophes in history. Night Falls Wiesels journey into Hell began with a yellow star, which the Nazis forced Jews to wear. The star was, often, a mark of death, as the Germans used it to identify Jews and send them to concentration camps.   The  yellow star? Oh well, what of it? You dont die of it.   Chapter 1 A prolonged whistle split the air. The wheels began to grind. We were on our way.   Chapter 1 The journey to the camps began with a train ride, with Jews packed into pitch-black rail cars, with no room to sit down, no bathrooms, no hope. Men to the left! Women to the right!   Chapter 3 Eight words  spoken  quietly, indifferently, without emotion. Eight short, simple words. Yet that was the moment when I parted from my mother.   Chapter 3 Upon entering the camps, men,  women, and children were usually segregated; the line to the left meant going into forced slave labor and wretched conditions- but temporary survival; the line to the right often meant a trip the gas chamber and immediate death. Do you see that chimney over there? See it? Do you see those flames? (Yes, we did see the flames.) Over there-thats where youre going to be taken. Thats your grave, over there.   Chapter 3 The flames rose 24-hours a day from the incinerators- after the Jews were killed in the gas chambers by Zyklon B, their bodies were immediately taken to incinerators to be burned into to black, charred dust. Never shall I forget that night, the first night in camp, which has turned my life into one long night.   Chapter 3 Utter Loss of Hope Wiesels quotes speak eloquently of the utter hopelessness of life in the concentration camps. A dark flame had entered into my soul and devoured it.​  Ã‚  Chapter 3 I was a body. Perhaps less than that even: a starved stomach. The stomach alone was aware of the passage of time.   Chapter 4 I was thinking of my father. He must have suffered more than I did.   Chapter 4 Whenever I dreamed of a better world, I could only imagine a universe with no bells.   Chapter 5 Ive got more faith in Hitler than in anyone else. Hes the only one whos kept his promises, all his promises, to the Jewish people.   Chapter 5 Living With Death Wiesel, of course, did survive the Holocaust  and became a journalist, but it was only 15 years after the war ended that he was able to describe how the inhumane experience in the camps turned him into a living corpse. When they withdrew, next to me were two corpses, side by side, the father and the son. I was fifteen years old.   Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Chapter 7 We were all going to die here. All limits had been passed. No one had any strength left. And again the night would be long.   Chapter 7 But I had no more tears. And, in the depths of my being, in the recesses of my weakened conscience, could I have searched it, I might perhaps have found something like-free at last!​   Chapter 8 After my fathers death, nothing could touch me any more.   Chapter 9 From the depths of the mirror, a corpse gazed back at me. The look in his eyes, as they stared into mine, has never left me.   Chapter 9

Final Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Final - Essay Example US commission on Civil rights serves as an overall advisor as well as a watchdog and the country’s civil rights division within the department of justice bears the responsibility of enforcing non-discrimination statutes. Nevertheless, the dispersion of responsibilities in agencies with different agendas affected the process of affirmative action implementation. However, all the agencies were concerned with application of non-discriminating policies to the various segments of the US economy despite the rise of various jurisprudence disputes even within their spheres of action; besides administrative actions were related and affected other spheres. By the turn of the twenty-first century, a small number expressed support for racial discrimination after the civil rights movement progressed from obscurity during the civil war to mid-twentieth century activism to the current accepted wisdom. The non-controversial part is the reactive policy that ensures non-discrimination based on race, religion, color, sex and national origin in social, economic and educational affairs. The non-discrimination laws are designed to make sure that individuals are never judged by color of skin, but rather by the content of their character and incase a violation occurs, such individuals are entitled to remedies (Lee, 1999). Positive and Negative Results of Affirmative Action Legislation Affirmative action seems to have a short history though it is a hands-on policy that makes special efforts about employment decisions, entry into college and other public behavior as a means of compensating for past discrimination. Affirmative action bases on the thought that various groups of people even without being discriminated against currently, any individual belonging to such groups are disadvantaged in the workplace and in campuses as a result of the past discrimination aimed at the group. Therefore, affirmative action attempts to level the playing ground for all categories of citizens th ought it emphasizes on disadvantaged groups as opposed to injured individuals. Affirmative action can refer to a court-ordered, remedial programs designed to correct effects of discrimination documented in court. Proponents of affirmative action hold that affirmative action provides long-term cure for discrimination by offering victims chances to show their skills and worth, which eventually changes prejudicial attitudes. Nevertheless, opponents of this controversial program argue that affirmative action never addresses the cause of inequality and the program can create labor market inefficiencies and result in reverse discrimination. Therefore, both sides suggest that effective affirmative action would cause minority employment to increase however; the sides disagree on whether this raise is efficient and on whether it would be sustainable if affirmative action ended (Lee, 1999). Currently there is small opportunity to measure the impact of eradicating affirmative action programs. As Federal, support for enforcement faded and flowed, the Supreme Court ruling in the past decade chipped away at affirmative action making it difficult to confirm whether concurrent changes in minority outcomes are due to affirmative actio

Family Bereavement Experiences after Sudden Cardiac Death Essay

Family Bereavement Experiences after Sudden Cardiac Death - Essay Example CASP tool provides a series of questions whose answers require critical scrutiny of the article without biases. In this piece of critique writing, CASP will be applied in the quest to analyze the family bereavement due to SCD. Also, this being the first piece of critique writing; the tools provide better foundation and understanding of what is entailed in a critique essay (CRITICAL APPRAISAL SKILLS PROGRAMME 2011). The article of analysis is titled ‘Family bereavement after Sudden Cardiac Death’ written by Mayer. It is an article about a qualitative research to understand the predicaments faced by families that are victims of SCD. It was written on 28 July 2012 and later revised on 17 may 2013. Several outcomes were found pointing out the hardships faced by these families. The article came from Elsevier website. In this article, the CASP tool will be utilized to scrutinize an article about family bereavement and SCD. It is a qualitative research. Qualitative research is a form of research designed to help generate an explanation for a certain behavior among a group of people and if possible state the stimulus causing the various behaviors (Denzin and Lincoln 2005). Qualitative research is applied in many disciplines due to the many advantages that come with the technique. The goal or rather the main objective of the research is to illustrate the bereavement of family members after the departure of a dear one due to sudden cardiac death. Death of a family member brings about the distortion of the stability of several aspects in the family. The gap left by the departed person affects the family members in different ways that the author of the article has classified into themes. Five themes formulated by the researcher provided guidance to the search of the specific things to look for in the bereaved families.  

Survey Example Essay Example for Free

Survey Example Essay We the students of communication skills 14 are conducting a research paper regarding the causes and effects of smoking and drinking to 2nd year students of Centro Escolar University, Manila school year 2012-2013. Here are some questions below, please answer it by putting check on the answers provided before the line. Thankfully yours, (name of respondents) Researchers Questions For Drinkers: 1. Have you ever consumed alcohol? __yes __no 2. At what age did you start consuming alcohol? ________ 3. . Why did you start consuming alcohol? __ peer pressure __family problems __curiosity __to have fun Other(please specify____________) 4. Have you ever passed out or experience memory loss due to drinking? ___ yes ____no 5. What alcoholic beverages do you often drink? ____ beer ____ cocktails ____ rhum ____ whistkey 6. How often do you drink? ____ once a week ____ twice a week ____ once every two weeks Others: (please specify) _____ 7. Do you drink to escape pain, either physical or emotional? ___ Yes ___ No 8. How does it affect your condition the next day? ____ makes you lazy ____ makes you feel sleepy ____ makes you feel out of the mood ____ makes you feel sick 9. Have you ever skipped or missed class because of drinking? ___Yes ___ No 10. How does it affect your performance in school? ____ gives you poor outcome in class participation ____ makes you feel lazy to come to class ____ makes you feel sleepy during class ____ gives you low grades 11. Have you ever skipped or missed class because of drinking? ___Yes ___No 12. Did you ever get into any fights while drinking? ___Yes ___No 13. Any future plans to stop? ___ Yes ___ No Questions for Smokers: 1. When did you start to smoke? ____ 10-12 years old ____ 13-15 years old ____ 16-19 years old Others: (Please specify) _____________ 2. Why did you start smoking? ____ peer pressure ____ stress ____ curiosity Other(please specify) ______________ 3. What do you get from smoking? ____Relaxation ____ Habit ____Good time Others(please specify) ___ 4. Who among in your household smokes? ____Father ____ Sister ____Mother ____ Brother Others(please specify) ____ 5. How many sticks did you used when smoking? ____1 to 2 sticks ____ 2 to 3 sticks ____ 3 to 4 sticks Others(please specify) ____________ 6. How often do you smoke? ____ everyday ____ every other day ____ once a week Others( please specify) ____________ 7. What influenced you to start smoking? ____ peer pressure ____ to gain new experience ____ being done in the family Other(please specify) _____________ 8. Why do you smoke? ____Relaxation ____ Habit ____ Good times Others(please specify)____ 9. Are you aware of the effects of smoking to yourself and to the people around you? ____ Yes ____ No 10. Any future plans to stop? ____ Yes ____ No

Political Policies Between The United States and The Soviet Union During the 1970s :: American America History

Political Policies Between The United States and The Soviet Union During the 1970s One can not effectively interpret world political policies of the 1970's without the inclusion of the relationship known as dà ©tente, and the breakdown there of. The breakdown of the 1970's dà ©tente can be attributed to many different issues and events. In researching these events the varying opinions from both world superpowers which would establish the failure of dà ©tente in history, as a breakdown in communication and talks between the United State's White House and the Soviet Union's Kremlin with the collapse of dà ©tente marking the end of the 1970's. During the 1976 presidential campaign, the tension between the objective of transformation and the importance of coexistence became crucial. Conservatives criticized dà ©tente for not moderating the Soviets involvement in the Third World transformation to communism. In the United States, many saw accumulative series of Soviet interventions which involved military means; Angola, Ethiopia, Kampuchea, Afghanistan, as a pattern of Soviet expansion, which was not consistent with dà ©tente. Many actually believed that these expansionist moves were encouraged by dà ©tente. Ultimately, the expectations that dà ©tente would achieve more were held by both powers. It was the failure to satisfy these expectations which led to its demise. Kissinger suggested that "dà ©tente, with all its weaknesses, should be judged not against some ideal but against what would have happened in its absence. Dà ©tente did not cause the Soviet arms build-up, nor could it have stopped it. However, it may have slowed it down or made it more benign" (Garthoff 1994:1123). Perhaps dà ©tente could be viewed, not as a method of preventing or deterring tension which might lead to war, but as a way of postponing their effect until the United States could more effectively deal with them. By 1976, dà ©tente was a controversial term with both left and right hands of the disagreement criticizing its development. With the Administration of Jimmy Carter, a campaign for restoring confidence in government institutions and reforming American foreign policy was implemented (Froman 1991:74). President Carter appointed Zbigniew Brzezinski as National Security Adviser and Cyrus Vance as Secretary of State. The ongoing differences between Brzezinski and Vance resulted in turmoil for the Carter administration as well as destroyed Carter's efforts to develop a set of boundaries for the principles of dà ©tente. Dà ©tente began to collapse almost as soon as it had begun. Watergate undermined President Richard M.

Mid Term 1 Solution

COT5405 Analysis of Algorithms Midterm 1 Solution Summer 2012 June 11 In all cases explain clearly and as succinctly as possible. Problem 1 10 Pts Answer: n T (n) = 2T ( n ) + log n 2 2 n = 4T ( n ) + logn n + log n 4 2 2 2 n = 4T ( n ) + log nn? 1 + log n 4 2 2 = †¦ ?log2 n 1 = nT (1) + n i=1 i ? n Since i=1 1 > ln n, T (n) ? ?(n log log n) i Problem 2 20 Pts Answer: The general idea is to use the technique similar to quick sort, by doing partition on both lids and cups.First we pick a cup randomly, and use it to partition the lids into two subsets: those lids smaller than the size of that cup, and those larger than the size of the cup. We can also ? nd the correspondent lid for that chosen cup. Second we use that lid to partition the cups and divide them into two sets. We keep on repeating this procedure on each subset of cups/lids until all the cups/lids are paired. The overall time complexity is O(n log n) (Worst case: O(n2 )). Problem 3 20 Pts Answer: In this problem we are more interested in ? ding the median instead of the minimum/maximum element. The ? n ? th element in a min/max heap is not the median. 2 In this case, we should develop a new type of heap to adapt this problem. Problem 3 2 The solution is to use two heaps: a min heap and a max heap. Suppose the total number of elements is n, we set the restriction that the max heap should contain ? n ? 2 elements. Correspondingly, the min heap contains n ? ? n ? elements. 2 When we insert an element, we always insert it into the max heap.If the number of elements in the max heap exceeds ? n ? , we remove the maximum element in the 2 max heap (the root), and insert it into the minimum heap. During this procedure, we need to do heapify to maintain the heap structure for both heaps. Under this setting, it is easy to see that all the elements in the max heap are less than those in the min heap, and the two elements at the root of both heaps represent the ? n ? th 2 and (? n ? + 1)th element. 2 Suppose the median is de? ned to be the ? n ? th element over all n elements.When 2 we delete the median, we just delete the root of the max heap, and the following two cases might occur: (1) If the max heap contains ? n? 1 ? elements, then we do delete-max to the max 2 heap. (2) If the max heap contains ? n? 1 ? ? 1 elements, we take out the root of the min 2 heap and set it to be the root in the max heap (because it is larger than all the elements in the max heap), then we do delete-min to the min heap. It is straightforward to see that the time complexity for both insert and delete-median is O(log n). COT5405 Analysis of Algorithms HW 2

My Summer Vacation Essay

The dream summer holiday of every individual merely comes one time in a life-time. In the summer of 2014 I had merely completed my first twelvemonth of college and my parents wanted to take me some where I’ll ever retrieve for my profound work. I had no hint of what their purposes were or what to even anticipate from them. My parents had invited merely about all of our stopping points relations and household friends to come along and observe the juncture with us. Majority of those that came brought gifts and money to promote me to make good. Of class this made me the most thrilled individual in the universe. because I non merely had household and friends over to observe but they besides spent the dark over for the trip my parents had put together to take us on. The undermentioned forenoon my Father woke everyone up at 2oclock in the forenoon to acquire situated and hit the route for the airdrome by 3oclock. How dry they had everything planned out from the bathroom clip to the seating in the vehicles. But yet each and every clip I pampered the inquiry in their caputs as to where we were traveling they ne'er answered me. Anxious to cognize I was. so one began believing of all the possibilities of the topographic points they’d see traveling. I began to acquire drowsy from how early I woke up and all the wonder running through my venas. After acquiring to the airdrome at 4oclock our flight eventually left at 6:45am and we arrived at our finish into Fort Lauderdale. Florida. We collected our bags and was on our journey one time once more this clip it had felt as if we had been driving everlastingly. I had woken up to shrieks and shouting from about everyone around me. yet I still had no hint as to what was traveling on. As my pa was seeking to happen a parking topographic point I started to look out the window in hunt of any hints that could assist me calculate out where precisely we were. Once we pasted the entryway my eyes blew up when I saw the words Carnival Cruise Lines. After seeing all the commercials with all the celebrations that occur. all the celebrated people that appear in individual. the astonishing games and household activities. the theater and nutrient that was on board. this was so the topographic point I would give the universe to travel to. When asked by my parents how I liked my gift. I became lost for words and could merely smile for how happy and filed with joy I was.

Calcite and Aragonite in Earths Carbon Cycle

Calcite and Aragonite in Earth's Carbon Cycle You may think of carbon as an element that on Earth is found mainly in living things (that is, in organic matter) or in the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. Both of those geochemical reservoirs are important, of course, but the vast majority of carbon is locked up in carbonate minerals. These are led by calcium carbonate, which takes two mineral forms named calcite and aragonite. Calcium Carbonate Minerals in Rocks Aragonite and calcite have the same chemical formula, CaCO3, but their atoms are stacked in different configurations. That is, they are polymorphs. (Another example is the trio of kyanite, andalusite, and sillimanite.) Aragonite has an orthorhombic structure and calcite a trigonal structure. Our gallery of carbonate minerals covers the basics of both minerals from the rockhounds viewpoint: how to identify them, where theyre found, some of their peculiarities. Calcite is more stable in general than aragonite, although as temperatures and pressures change one of the two minerals may convert to the other. At surface conditions, aragonite spontaneously turns into calcite over geologic time, but at higher pressures aragonite, the denser of the two, is the preferred structure. High temperatures work in calcites favor. At surface pressure, aragonite cant endure temperatures above around 400Â °C for long. High-pressure, low-temperature rocks of the blueschist metamorphic facies often contain veins of aragonite instead of calcite. The process of turning back to calcite is slow enough that aragonite can persist in a metastable state, similar to diamond. Sometimes a crystal of one mineral converts to the other mineral while preserving its original shape as a pseudomorph: it may look like a typical calcite knob or aragonite needle, but the petrographic microscope shows its true nature. Many geologists, for most purposes, dont need to know the correct polymorph and just talk about carbonate. Most of the time, the carbonate in rocks is calcite. Calcium Carbonate Minerals in Water Calcium carbonate chemistry is more complicated when it comes to understanding which polymorph will crystallize out of solution. This process is common in nature, because neither mineral is highly soluble, and the presence of dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2) in water pushes them toward precipitating. In water, CO2 exists in balance with the bicarbonate ion, HCO3, and carbonic acid, H2CO3, all of which are highly soluble. Changing the level of CO2 affects the levels of these other compounds, but the CaCO3 in the middle of this chemical chain pretty much has no choice but to precipitate as a mineral that cant dissolve quickly and return to the water. This one-way process is a major driver of the geological carbon cycle. Which arrangement the calcium ions (Ca2) and carbonate ions (CO32–) will choose as they join into CaCO3 depends on conditions in the water. In clean fresh water (and in the laboratory), calcite predominates, especially in cool water. Cavestone formations are generally calcite. Mineral cements in many limestones and other sedimentary rocks are generally calcite. The ocean is the most important habitat in the geological record, and calcium carbonate mineralization is an important part of oceanic life and marine geochemistry. Calcium carbonate comes directly out of solution to form mineral layers on the tiny round particles called ooids and to form the cement of seafloor mud. Which mineral crystallizes, calcite or aragonite, depends on the water chemistry. Seawater is full of ions that compete with calcium and carbonate. Magnesium (Mg2) clings to the calcite structure, slowing down the growth of calcite and forcing itself into calcites molecular structure, but it doesnt interfere with aragonite. Sulfate ion (SO4–) also suppresses calcite growth. Warmer water and a larger supply of dissolved carbonate favor aragonite by encouraging it to grow faster than calcite can. Calcite and Aragonite Seas These things matter to the living things that build their shells and structures out of calcium carbonate. Shellfish, including bivalves and brachiopods, are familiar examples. Their shells are not pure mineral, but intricate mixtures of microscopic carbonate crystals bound together with proteins. The one-celled animals and plants classified as plankton make their shells, or tests, the same way. Another important factor appears to be that algae benefit from making carbonate by ensuring themselves a ready supply of CO2 to help with photosynthesis. All of these creatures use enzymes to construct the mineral they prefer. Aragonite makes needlelike crystals whereas calcite makes blocky ones, but many species can make use of either. Many mollusk shells use aragonite on the inside and calcite on the outside. Whatever they do uses energy, and when ocean conditions favor one carbonate or the other, the shell-building process takes extra energy to work against the dictates of pure chemistry. This means that changing the chemistry of a lake or the ocean penalizes some species and advantages others. Over geologic time the ocean has shifted between aragonite seas and calcite seas. Today were in an aragonite sea that is high in magnesium- it favors the precipitation of aragonite plus calcite thats high in magnesium. A calcite sea, lower in magnesium, favors low-magnesium calcite. The secret is fresh seafloor basalt, whose minerals react with magnesium in seawater and pull it out of circulation. When plate tectonic activity is vigorous, we get calcite seas. When its slower and spreading zones are shorter, we get aragonite seas. Theres more to it than that, of course. The important thing is that the two different regimes exist, and the boundary between them is roughly when magnesium is twice as abundant as calcium in seawater. The Earth has had an aragonite sea since roughly 40 million years ago (40 Ma). The most recent previous aragonite sea period was between late Mississippian and early Jurassic time (about 330 to 180 Ma), and next going back in time was the latest Precambrian, before 550 Ma. In between these periods, Earth had calcite seas. More aragonite and calcite periods are being mapped out farther back in time. Its thought that over geologic time, these large-scale patterns have made a difference in the mix of organisms that built reefs in the sea. The things we learn about carbonate mineralization and its response to ocean chemistry are also important to know as we try to figure out how the sea will respond to human-caused changes in the atmosphere and climate.

Pandillas como MS-13 y leyes migratorias de EE.UU.

Pandillas como MS-13 y leyes migratorias de EE.UU. Ser miembro de una pandilla como la MS-13 o la Mara Salvatrucha, o incluso la simple sospecha de pertenencia actual o pasada causa problemas migratorios gravà ­simos para todos los extranjeros presentes en el paà ­s. Por su gran impacto migratorio, este artà ­culo informa sobre quà © es una pandilla, conocida tambià ©n como mara, cà ³mo las autoridades migratorias obtienen informacià ³n sobre quià ©n es o puede ser pandillero, cules son las consecuencias migratorias y quà © se puede hacer si se tienen problemas por esta razà ³n.  ¿Quà © se considera que es una pandilla o mara? No hay una definicià ³n legal à ºnica sobre quà © es una pandilla. Sin embargo, el Departamento de Seguridad Interna (DHS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s), del que dependen organismos migratorios como ICE y USCIS, considera que una pandilla es una asociacià ³n formal o informal de tres o ms personas que tiene como uno de sus principales objetivos cometer uno o ms delitos. Es decir, una mara no tiene que ser una organizacià ³n grande y conocida como la Mara Salvatrucha, la MS-13 o los Latin Kings.  ¿Cà ³mo saben las autoridades migratorias que un migrante es pandillero? Las autoridades migratorias consultan una o varias bases de datos que incluyen informacià ³n sobre las personas que pertenecen a alguna de esas organizaciones o de quienes se sospecha que tienen algà ºn tipo de afiliacià ³n con las mismas o, incluso, quienes pertenecieron en el pasado. Entre la informacià ³n que se registra en las bases de datos se encuentran los nombres de los pandilleros, apodos, direccià ³n, descripcià ³n fà ­sica y marcas, como por ejemplo lunares o cicatrices, tatuajes, nacionalidad, identificacià ³n de la pandilla a la que pertenecen o con la que se sospecha que estn afiliados y posicià ³n dentro de la misma. Entre las bases de datos ms utilizadas destaca GangNet. Se sabe que la utilizan al menos el FBI, ICE - la agencia encargada de ejecutar las leyes migratorias- , 14 estados y el Distrito de Columbia. En 2016, ICE dejà ³ de utilizar ICEGangs y ahora busca informacià ³n sobre posibles pandilleros en la citada GangNet y en otras bases de datos como, ICM, EID y FALCON. Adems, estados, condados o ciudades pueden tener sus propias bases de datos para este fin. Una de las ms completas es CalGang, a la cual aà ±aden informacià ³n todos los departamentos de policà ­a del estado de California. Se da por hecho entre los abogados migratorios que el Departamento de Seguridad Interna, del cual dependen ICE y USCIS, tiene acceso a la informacià ³n que contienen muchas de esas bases de datos locales o estatales, pero se desconoce el alcance de la colaboracià ³n.  ¿Cà ³mo se incluye una persona en una base de datos sobre pandillas o maras? Segà ºn el Centro de Recursos Legales Migratorios (ILRC, por sus siglas en inglà ©s), el nombre de una persona puede incluirse en una base de datos sobre pertenencia o afiliacià ³n con maras en cuatro situaciones. En primer lugar, como resultado de la investigacià ³n de un delito. En segundo lugar, por lo que se declara cuando se est en custodia de la policà ­a. En tercer lugar, por condena en un juicio y, en cuarto lugar, como consecuencia de lo que un agente anota durante lo que se conoce como una entrevista de campo (field interview, en inglà ©s). En este contexto, debe entenderse como una entrevista de campo una interaccià ³n entre un pandillero o sospecho de serlo y un agente de la policà ­a que tiene lugar en un vecindario de una ciudad con un alto à ­ndice de presencia pandillera. Cada estado establece sus propias reglas para determinar cundo el agente puede incluir a una persona en una base de datos de pandillas, por lo que es imposible brindar reglas generales. Sin embargo, en California, donde la presencia pandillera es notable, la ley permite la inclusià ³n de una persona en CalGang si cumple al menos dos de los siguientes requisitos: Ha reconocido pertenecer a una maraHa sido arrestada en compaà ±Ãƒ ­a de personas conocidas como pandillerosHa sido identificada como miembro de una pandilla por un informanteExhibe sà ­mbolos o gestos manuales propios de pandillasTiene tatuajes propios de pandillasFrecuenta lugares en los que se reà ºnen las pandillasViste ropa que se identifica con una determinada mara Como consecuencia de la laxitud de los requisitos para ser incluido en una base de datos sobre pandillas, entre los defensores de los migrantes se argumenta que muchas de las personas incluidas en las mismas no son, en realidad, pandilleros. Adems, cuando una persona est detenida en una crcel o prisià ³n no migratoria frecuentemente se registra su afiliacià ³n con una pandilla - verificada o presunta- para evitar colocar en el mismo mà ³dulo carcelario a miembros de distintas organizaciones. Asimismo, agencias migratorias como la Policà ­a Fronteriza (CBP, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) e ICE tambià ©n registran si una persona es sospechosa de pertenecer a pandillas e incluso agencias privadas que gestionan crceles migratorias, como CCA y GEO, tambià ©n realizan esta clase de anotaciones. Por otro lado, hay que tener en consideracià ³n que cada jurisdiccià ³n establece las reglas sobre si es obligatorio notificar a una persona que ha sido incluida en alguna de dichas bases de datos o registros sobre pertenencia a pandillas, por lo que en muchos casos el interesado no sabe que su nombre ha sido incluido. Una vez que el nombre ha sido incluido, es muy difà ­cil sacarlo de la base de datos. Estar incluido en una base de datos de maras,  ¿cà ³mo afecta a los asuntos migratorios? La pertenencia a pandillas se considera, desde el punto de vista migratorio, como una amenaza a la seguridad nacional de los Estados Unidos, lo cual significa que si un migrante es calificado como tal, tiene un problema migratorio gravà ­simo. Hay que destacar distintas situaciones. En primer lugar, si una persona extranjera est detenida por Inmigracià ³n y se sabe o sospecha que es miembro de una pandilla como los Latin King, MS-13 o Mara Salvatrucha, no va a obtener una fianza o, si la obtuviese, va a ser por un monto muy alto. Adems, se inicia un procedimiento de deportacià ³n o expulsià ³n en su contra. No cabe duda de que la pertenencia actual o pasada a una pandilla o mara es causa prioritaria de deportacià ³n. En el caso de migrantes no detenidos que solicitan un beneficio migratorio, como un ajuste de estatus, por ejemplo, DACA para jà ³venes indocumentados que llegaron a Estados Unidos siendo nià ±os o la visa U para và ­ctimas de violencia, dicho beneficio puede ser negado y, de hecho, eso es lo que sucede en la mayorà ­a de los casos. La denegacià ³n del beneficio migratorio puede deberse porque se pregunta especà ­ficamente en el formulario de aplicacià ³n sobre pertenencia a pandillas y, en caso de que asà ­ sea, se aplica lo que se conoce como causa de inadmisibilidad (a)(3)(B) que da lugar a que no se pueda estar en EE.UU. y se inicie un proceso de deportacià ³n. En otros casos en los que no se se realiza esa pregunta, como es el caso de los formularios de DACA, el beneficio ser negado casi siempre porque el oficial del USCIS tiene el poder discrecional de decidir si aprueba el beneficio que se solicita y, en el caso de los pandilleros, la regla general es no aprobarlo.  ¿Quà © se puede hacer cuando un migrante es sospechoso de pandillero? Estos son casos muy delicados y que deben ser siempre tratados en confidencialidad con un abogado que tenga experiencia en este tipo de casos y que conozca las reglas y reglamentos del estado respecto a pandillas y bases de datos. Si una persona extranjera se ha movido en cà ­rculos pandilleros, aunque no haya pertenecido a ninguna pandilla o si realmente ha tenido membresà ­a en alguna de ellas, deberà ­a consultar con un abogado antes de solicitar cualquier tipo de beneficio migratorio, ya que podrà ­a estar provocando el inicio de un proceso de deportacià ³n en su contra. Es importante que el abogado conozca si el estado est obligado a comunicar la inclusià ³n de una persona en la base de datos. En el caso de que se produzca dicha comunicacià ³n, se debe contratar a un abogado para que intente apelar y borrar el nombre del migrante de dicha base de datos. Si se vive en una jurisdiccià ³n donde la autoridad no est obligada a notificar la inclusià ³n de una persona en un registro de maras, es importante que el abogado intente recabar esa informacià ³n indirectamente. Por ejemplo, solicitando rà ©cords de posibles arrestos, de oficiales de libertad condicional o parole o, incluso, de high school, ya que en muchas escuelas se realizan anotaciones sobre posible pertenencia a pandillas de los estudiantes. Puntos clave Las pandillas o maras son consideradas una amenaza a la seguridad de EE.UU.Membresà ­a o sospecha de pertenencia a pandillas es causa de problemas migratorios graves.Existen varias bases de datos de pandilleros. Es posible estar en una sin saberlo. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

IBM Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

IBM - Research Paper Example Thus, one does not have to worry about how things are being managed secretly in the cloud since the cloud is in charge for being extremely accessible as well as receptive to the requirements of the application (TechRepublic, 2008), (Hartig, 2009) and (TechTarget, 2007). This paper presents analysis of a real-life application of new technology at Amazon. This paper will analyze the application of new communication technology like wireless and "cloud computing" at Amazon. Cloud Computing at Amazon’s Business Amazon.com Inc., is one of the largest online sellers, has launched a new service that is focused on facilitating the management about making an easy management of their computing as well as web related functions. Though the use of new technology based arrangement at Amazon.com Inc., customers are able to utilize the new Elastic Beanstalk service to hit Amazon’s computing control even without having technological knowledge to execute applications (Galante, 2011). New Technology at Amazon This section discusses the new technology framework that Amazon.com has introduced.

Crisis Management and Communication Research Paper

Crisis Management and Communication - Research Paper Example It is the moment of uncertainty that best describes a crisis situation. The severity of such crisis varies significantly, with less moderate to severe. The most common aspect of uncertainty pertains to the ethical and moral implications of the organization’s communication strategy during the crisis. The most common aspect of this is who is to be held responsible. Often, organizations fail to address crisis effectively because they have the tendency to engage in blame game which should ideally be the no-go area for organizations during crisis situations. The purpose of communication, or more so â€Å"strategic† communication during times like these, is to mitigate to some extent this form of uncertainty associated with the crisis. The higher the uncertainty associated with finding a solution for the crisis the greater the severity of the crisis (Stephens, Malone, & Bailey, 2005). It is often useful to classify crisis as an event caused by either external factors such as opportunities and threats as well as internal dynamics of the company including strengths and weaknesses. Crisis puts the company’s immediate survival at stake. ... Furthermore, researchers have also delineated on the steps in crisis management and communication, keeping in mind the procedural nature of a crisis situation. In the first stage, the organization gets signs and warning signals pertaining to an upcoming disaster (Stephens, Malone, & Bailey, 2005). In the next stage, organizations often engage in preparation and prevention exercises such as team-building measures as well as employing training measures to deal effectively with the crisis (Stephens, Malone, & Bailey, 2005). In the third phase, the damage is potentially â€Å"contained† or limited by several measures, the most important of which is communication, in order to avert the spillover of damage to other parts of the organization (Stephens, Malone, & Bailey, 2005). In the final phase, the organization recovers from the mishap, which is followed by essential learning in order to avoid the possibility of such a crisis in future (Stephens, Malone, & Bailey, 2005). Communicat ion during crisis situations, therefore, is fundamental to reaching the recovery phase sooner and more safely. The ultimate aim of communication during crisis situation is to frame appropriate public perceptions about the company and to maintain a favorable image of the company in the minds of stakeholders. Communication during these times also serves the purpose of informing, convincing or even motivating stakeholders towards a desired form of action. Another aim of crisis communication is to ensure that the damage is controlled and that the negative impact of the crisis on various environmental elements is minimized. Companies often use this as an opportunity to reinforce and communicate existing values, culture, vision and mission associated with the organizations to the public. As is the